太阳10.7cm射电流量中期预报模型研究(Ⅰ)

采用时间序列模型中的自回归方法开展了F_(10.7)中期预报研究.预报试验和误差分析结果表明,在太阳活动水平较低、F_(10.7)的27天周期性明显时自回归预报方法的预报精度高,具有较为理想的预报效果,但在日面有大活动区产生和消亡时预报效果不理想.这说明时间序列模型中的自回归方法能够较好地反映太阳F_(10.7)的27天周期性特征,对F_(10.7)中期预报模型的建立有一定适用性.通过对2005年9月21日至2007年6月7日期间预报结果的比较可以看出,自回归分析方法预报的精度与美国空军预报的相当。     

Low-latitude ionospheric scintillations and total electron content obtained with the CITRIS instrument on STPSat1 using radio transmissions from DORIS ground beacons

The primary objective of the Scintillation and Tomography Receiver in Space (CITRIS) is to detect ionospheric irregularities from space at low latitude. For this purpose, the satellite receiver uses the UHF and S-Band transmissions of the ground network of Doppler Orbitography and Radiopositioning Integrated by Satellite (DORIS) beacons. CITRIS, developed at the Naval Research Laboratory, differs from the normal DORIS receiver by being able to capture and store the complex amplitude of the 401.25 and 2036.25 MHz transmissions at 200 Hz sample rate. Ground processing of the CITRIS data yields total electron content (TEC) and both phase and amplitude scintillations. With CITRIS flying on the US Space Test Program (STP) satellite STPSat1, 2 years of data were collected and processed to determine the fluctuations in ionospheric TEC and radio scintillations associated with equatorial irregularities. CITRIS flights over DORIS transmitters yield direct measurements of the horizontal plasma density fluctuations associated with equatorial plasma bubbles. Future flights of CITRIS can provide valuable complements to other satellite instruments such as GPS occultation receivers used to estimate vertical electron density profiles in the ionosphere.     

Low-voltage CMOS Folded-cascode Mixer

The folded-cascode structure is used to realize the low-voltage low-power consumption mixer, whose performance parameters have big influence on the navigation radio receiver's performance. Adopting the folded-cascode structure, the folded-cascode mixer (FCM) has a lower power supply voltage of 1.2 V and realizes the design trade-offs among the high transconductance, high linearity and low noise. The difficulties of realizing the trade-offs between the linearity and noise performance, the linearity and conversion gain, the conversion gain and noise performance are reduced. Fabricated in an radio frequency (RF) 0.18 μm CMOS process, the FCM has an active area of about 200 μm ×150 μm and consumes approximate 3.9 mW. The test results show that the FCM features a conversion gain (Gc) of some 14.5 dB, an input 1 dB compression point (Pin-1dB) of almost -13 dBm and a dual sideband (DSB) noise figure of around 12 dB. The FCM can be applied to the navigation radio receivers and electronic systems for aviation and aerospace or other related fields.     

Low C/N_0 Carrier Tracking Loop Based on Optimal Estimation Algorithm in GPS Software Receivers

Suppressing jitter noises in a phase locked loop(PLL) is of great importance in order to keep precise and continuous track of global positioning system(GPS) signals characterized by low carrier-to-noise ratio(C/N0).This article proposes and analyzes an improved Kalman-filter-based PLL to process weak carrier signals in GPS software receivers.After reviewing the optimal-bandwidth-based traditional second-order PLL,a Kalman-filter-based estimation algorithm is implemented for the new PLL by decorrelating the model error noises and the measurement noises.Finally,the efficiency of this new Kalman-filter-based PLL is verified by experimental data.Compared to the traditional second-order PLL,this new PLL is in position to make correct estimation of the carrier phase differences and Doppler shifts with less overshoots and noise disturbances and keeps an effective check on the disturbances out of jitter noises in PLL.The results show that during processing normal signals,this improved PLL reduces the standard deviation from 0.010 69 cycle to 0.007 63 cycle,and for weak signal processing,the phase jitter range and the Doppler shifts can be controlled within ±17° and ±5Hz as against ±25° and ±15 Hz by the traditional PLL.     

Height of shock formation in the solar corona inferred from observations of type II radio bursts and coronal mass ejections

Employing coronagraphic and EUV observations close to the solar surface made by the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO) mission, we determined the heliocentric distance of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) at the starting time of associated metric type II bursts. We used the wave diameter and leading edge methods and measured the CME heights for a set of 32 metric type II bursts from solar cycle 24. We minimized the projection effects by making the measurements from a view that is roughly orthogonal to the direction of the ejection. We also chose image frames close to the onset times of the type II bursts, so no extrapolation was necessary. We found that the CMEs were located in the heliocentric distance range from 1.20 to 1.93 solar radii (Rs), with mean and median values of 1.43 and 1.38 Rs, respectively. We conclusively find that the shock formation can occur at heights substantially below 1.5 Rs. In a few cases, the CME height at type II onset was close to 2 Rs. In these cases, the starting frequency of the type II bursts was very low, in the range 25–40 MHz, which confirms that the shock can also form at larger heights. The starting frequencies of metric type II bursts have a weak correlation with the measured CME/shock heights and are consistent with the rapid decline of density with height in the inner corona.     

认知协作Ad Hoc网络中分布路由跨层控制策略

认知无线电Ad Hoc网络中,吞吐量最大化是一个关键的挑战.为了实现这一目标,协同传输是前景看好的技术,利用在每个空间节点的多样性中继链路以增加性能,特别是在无线环境中由于不同的信道质量、有限的能源和带宽资源,这种想法是有吸引力的.文章在分布式动态环境下,研究了联合动态路由.中继分配和频谱分配分布式和本地算法,提出了一...     

认知无线网络及其频谱管理技术

认知无线网络通过不同种类的无线网络体系结构之间的并存和动态频谱接入技术可以为移动用户提供高带宽的服务。高效的频谱管理技术是这一新型网络面临的主要挑战之一。为了更好的理解认知无线网络,文章简单回顾了认知无线电技术,对认知无线网络的结构及特点进行了深入研究,明确了认知无线网络频谱管理的主要任务,并结合认知无线电当前的发展状况对认知无线网络频谱管理技术进行了总结分析。     

Asymmetric precipitation in a coronal loop as explanation of a singular observed spectrum

Almost 10 years of solar submillimeter observations have shown new aspects of solar activity, such as the presence of rapid solar spikes associated with the launch of coronal mass ejections and an increasing submillimeter spectral component in flares. We analyse the singular microwave–submillimeter spectrum of an M class solar flare on 20 December, 2002. Flux density observations measured by Sun patrol telescopes and the Solar Submillimeter Telescope are used to build the radio spectrum, which is fitted using Ramaty’s code. At submillimeter frequencies the spectrum shows a component different from the microwave classical burst. The fitting is achieved proposing two homogeneous sources of emission. This theoretical fitting is in agreement with differential precipitation through a magnetically asymmetric loop or set of loops. From a coronal magnetic field model we infer an asymmetric magnetic structure at the flare location. The model proposed to quantify the differential precipitation rates due to the asymmetry results in a total precipitation ratio Q₂/Q₁≈10⁴–10⁵, where Q₁(Q₂) represents the total precipitation in the loop foot with the high (low) magnetic field intensity. This ratio agrees with the electron total number ratio of the two sources proposed to fit the radio spectrum.     

基于DSP平台优化H.264编码器

H．264是新一代的视频标准,相对以往MPEG2,MPEG4等相比压缩效率和图像质量都有很大提升,另外它本身的纠错能力很强,在网络传播中优势明显,但是与此同时其自身较为复杂的结构性也对其发展产生了一定的限制,优化H．264方法较多,特点各异,本文对其中主要的几种方法进行讨论。     

低压CMOS折叠共源共栅混频器的设计

基于SMIC 0.18μmCMOS工艺,采用一种折叠共源共栅结构,设计实现了一种低压CMOS折叠共源共栅混频器,解决了传统Gilbert混频器中跨导级与开关级堆叠带来的高电源电压问题,以及在跨导级的高跨导、高线性与开关级的低噪声间进行折衷设计的难题.该混频器核心电路尺寸为165μm×75μm,当射频信号、本振信号和中频信号分别为1575.42MHz、1570MHz和5.42MHz时,仿真表明:该混频器转换增益( G_C )为15dB,双边带噪声系数为12.5dB,输入三阶截断点为-0.4dBm,在1.2V的电源电压条件下,功耗为3.8mW,可用于航空航天领域的电子系统中.