高精度星间基线测量方法探讨

针对小卫星分布式雷达星间基线测量的高精度需求,提出了无线电和激光组合测量方法。无线电测量既能引导激光测量系统,又能实现星间通信。该组合方法精度高,且符合星间测量、通信、时间频率同步一体化设计要求。     

头部及掺混孔对三级旋流器燃烧室出口温度分布影响的试验

对4种不同三级旋流器方案和两种不同掺混孔排布方案的燃烧室在不同进口速度、油气比参数下的出口温度分布进行了常压试验研究,研究结果表明:各方案的出口温度分布系数随进口速度和油气比有所变化,但变化范围不大;中间旋流器与外旋流器旋向相反时,出口温度分布更为均匀;对于两种不同的旋流数组合0.7-1-1.5和1.5-1-0.8,前者出口温度分布系数对外旋流器旋向的改变更为敏感;与方案B相比,方案A的掺混孔排布更加适合该三级旋流器燃烧室;掺混孔排布要与头部结构相匹配,这样才能优化出口温度分布.      

沟槽表面双排孔顺逆组合对气膜冷却的影响

数值模拟研究了双排气膜孔顺逆组合形式对沟槽表面气膜冷却效率影响,孔间距与气膜孔直径之比为5,孔排间距与气膜孔直径之比为12,吹风比为0.3、0.8和1.4。结果表明,在吹风比较小时,沟槽对气膜有显著的导向作用,冷气在相邻的沟槽内部流动。当吹风比增大时,冷气喷到沟槽顶部,导向作用减弱。顺向射流的气膜贴近冷却表面,在低吹风比下气膜冷却效率较高。在高吹风比下,逆向射流覆盖更宽,气膜孔排间叠加效应明显。吹风比为0.3时,逆-逆组合的气膜冷却效率最低,面平均气膜冷却效率为0.07,相比于最高的顺-顺组合的0.13降低46%。当吹风比为0.8时,顺-顺、逆-顺、顺-逆组合的面平均气膜冷却效率相近,约为0.11,其中顺-逆组合气膜冷却效率分布更均匀。吹风比为1.4时,逆-逆组合的面平均气膜冷却效率最高,为0.13,相比于顺-顺组合提升116%。     

带肋横流对凹槽孔气膜冷却特性影响的机理研究

为了探究带肋横流对凹槽孔气膜冷却特性的影响,运用Realizable k-ε湍流模型,对光滑通道、45°肋通道和135°肋通道进气的凹槽孔进行了数值研究,吹风比为0.5、1.0和2.0,主流和横流的进口雷诺数分别为1×104和1×105.结果表明:45°肋通道与光滑通道在气膜孔内具有相似的螺旋流动,但其流量系数相比光滑...     

小卫星星务管理技术

阐述了第三代星上测、控、管系统 (星务系统 )的基本设计思想 ,它是基于现场控制、内嵌式微控制器和星上现场网络等概念开发的一项卫星新技术。该项技术实现传统卫星上的系统功能集成 ,具有全数字化、全网络连接、全分散式和在线组态的特点。该文给出星务系统与过去星上测控系统相比的最大两个概念跳跃 :内嵌式 ,整星全网络化。星务系统构成了一种星载柔性服务系统 ,用现场网络来协调、控制星上智能设备的相互联系 ,完成包括信息流、动作流、能量流的动态作业 ,可以在线下载任务和在线整定参数 ,改变传统卫星测控系统接口层的封闭性和专用性 ,实现星上设备“即连即用”。这就是构成星上集成电子学系统一体化的关键 ,构成“平台化”的核心。按星务系统技术设计 ,可以提高整星级可靠性和运行功能有效性 ,并可以加快研制进度和降低开发成本。该文还指出了星务系统和数管系统的不同 ,CAN总线和 15 5 3B的不同     

微小卫星数据存储器单粒子作用的检测及纠错

因为辐射导致的单粒子翻转效应（SEU）,使得微小卫星星上存储器在太空运行时其内容可能出现小概率错误,这种错误会影响计算机系统的运行和关键数据。文章阐述了“清华一号”微小卫星数据处理系统对SEU的纠错方法,分别介绍了实现（12,8）和（39,32）的汉明码纠错设计和基于FPGA的三模块冗余纠错编码方法,并分析了这些方法的工作原理和过程。     

First spaceborne demonstration of BeiDou-3 signals for GNSS reflectometry from CYGNSS constellation

The full constellation of Chinese Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) BeiDou-3 has been deployed completely and started fully operational service. In addition to providing global Positioning, Navigation and Timing (PNT) services, the BeiDou-3 satellites transmissions can also be used as the sources of illumination for Earth Observation (EO) with a bistatic radar configuration. This innovative EO concept, known as GNSS reflectometry (GNSS-R), allows to measure the Earth surface characteristics at high resolution via the reflected L-band radar signals collected by a constellation of small, low cost and low Earth orbiting satellites. For the first time in orbit, earth reflected BeiDou-3 signal has been detected from the limited sets of raw data collected by the NASA’s Cyclone GNSS (CYGNSS) constellation. The feasibility of spaceborne BeiDou-3 reflections on two typical applications, including sea surface wind and flooding inundation detection, has been demonstrated. The methodology and results give new strength to the prospect of new spaceborne GNSS-R instruments and missions, which can make multi-GNSS reflectometry observations available to better capture rapidly changing weather systems at better spatio-temporal scales.     

Paths not taken – The Gossamer roadmap’s other options

Highly efficient low-thrust propulsion is increasingly applied beyond commercial use, also in mainstream and flagship science missions, in combination with gravity assist propulsion. Another recent development is the growth of small spacecraft solutions, not in size but in numbers and individual capabilities.Just over ten years ago, the DLR-ESTEC Gossamer Roadmap to Solar Sailing was set up to guide technology developments towards a propellant-less and highly efficient class of spacecraft for solar system exploration and applications missions: small spacecraft solar sails designed for carefree handling and equipped with carried application modules.Soon, in three dedicated Gossamer Roadmap Science Working Groups it initiated studies of missions uniquely feasible with solar sails such as Displaced L₁ (DL1) space weather advance warning and monitoring, Solar Polar Orbiter (SPO) delivery to very high inclination heliocentric orbit, and multiple Near-Earth Asteroid (NEA) rendezvous (MNR). Together, they demonstrate the capability of near-term solar sails to achieve at least in the inner solar system almost any kind of heliocentric orbit within 10 years, from the Earth-co-orbital to the extremely inclined, eccentric and even retrograde. Noted as part of the MNR study, sail-propelled head-on retrograde kinetic impactors (RKI) go to this extreme to achieve the highest possible specific kinetic energy for the deflection of hazardous asteroids.At DLR, the experience gained in the development of deployable membrane structures leading up to the successful ground deployment test of a (20 m)², i.e., 20 m by 20 m square solar sail at DLR Cologne in 1999 was revitalized and directed towards a 3-step small spacecraft development line from as-soon-as-possible sail deployment demonstration (Gossamer-1) via in-flight evaluation of sail attitude control actuators (Gossamer-2) to an envisaged proving-the-principle flight in the Earth-Moon system (Gossamer-3). First, it turned the concept of solar sail deployment on its head by introducing four separable Boom Sail Deployment Units (BSDU) to be discarded after deployment, enabling lightweight 3-axis stabilized sailcraft. By 2015, this effort culminated in the ground-qualified technology of the DLR Gossamer-1 deployment demonstrator Engineering Qualification Model (EQM). For mission types using separable payloads, such as SPO, MNR and RKI, design concepts can be derived from the BSDU characteristic of DLR Gossamer solar sail technology which share elements with the separation systems of asteroid nanolanders like MASCOT. These nano-spacecraft are an ideal match for solar sails in micro-spacecraft format whose launch configurations are compatible with ESPA and ASAP secondary payload platforms.Like any roadmap, this one contained much more than the planned route from departure to destination and the much shorter distance actually travelled. It is full of lanes, narrow and wide, detours and shortcuts, options and decision branches. Some became the path taken on which we previously reported. More were explored along the originally planned path or as new sidings in search of better options when circumstance changed and the project had to take another turn. But none were dead ends, they just faced the inevitable changes when roadmaps face realities and they were no longer part of the road ahead. To us, they were valuable lessons learned or options up our sleeves. But for future sailors they may be on their road ahead.     

Fuzzy energy-based dual contours model for automated coronal hole detection in SDO/AIA solar disk images

The presence of coronal holes in solar disk plays an important role in influencing the space weather and generation of the solar wind. As such there lies a requirement in proper study and prediction of coronal holes occurs in the solar disk. This, in turn, arises the necessity of detection of coronal holes present in the solar disk. In this work, a Hough transformed inspired fuzzy-energy simulated dual contours-based segmentation technique has been proposed for the detection and extraction of holes in solar disk. In the proposed method Hough transform has been induced to initialize the contour for the contour-based method of segmentation. In the algorithm, two contours (active and static) have been initiated and made to evolve based on the energy function by incorporating the gray-scale intensity. Here in the work one contour is made to deform its shape while the other contour is kept static for the coronal holes detection purpose. The experiment has been carried out on few benchmark datasets and the corresponding outcomes have been compared with the results of other existing algorithms. The comparison results highlight the performance of the proposed technique in detection of coronal holes in solar disk.     

Reliability and reliability sensitivity analysis of structure by combining adaptive linked importance sampling and Kriging reliability method

The application of reliability analysis and reliability sensitivity analysis methods to complicated structures faces two main challenges: small failure probability (typical less than 10⁻⁵) and time-demanding mechanical models. This paper proposes an improved active learning surrogate model method, which combines the advantages of the classical Active Kriging – Monte Carlo Simulation (AK-MCS) procedure and the Adaptive Linked Importance Sampling (ALIS) procedure. The proposed procedure can, on the one hand, adaptively produce a series of intermediate sampling density approaching the quasi-optimal Importance Sampling (IS) density, on the other hand, adaptively generate a set of intermediate surrogate models approaching the true failure surface of the rare failure event. Then, the small failure probability and the corresponding reliability sensitivity indices are efficiently estimated by their IS estimators based on the quasi-optimal IS density and the surrogate models. Compared with the classical AK-MCS and Active Kriging – Importance Sampling (AK-IS) procedure, the proposed method neither need to build very large sample pool even when the failure probability is extremely small, nor need to estimate the Most Probable Points (MPPs), thus it is computationally more efficient and more applicable especially for problems with multiple MPPs. The effectiveness and engineering applicability of the proposed method are demonstrated by one numerical test example and two engineering applications.