Detection of volcanic gases and particles by satellite

In this paper the detection of components of volcanic eruption has been carried out investigating, in appropriate bands of the electromagnetic spectrum (6.25, 8.7, 10.8, 12 μm), the values of the brightness temperature. The analysis has been performed in the Thermal Infrared Region (TIR) studying both the absorption–emission and scattering phenomena related to the interactions between electromagnetic radiation and volcanic emissions. The results have been achieved by means of a combined use of numerical simulations, devoted to examining the behaviour of the atmosphere gases and volcanic components, and remotely sensed satellite images. The proposed methodologies allow an estimate of the amount of gaseous and solid components, of the size of the emitted particles, of the height of the volcanic plume and of the distance of the volcanic components from the crater. The processed images come from the Spinning Enhanced Visible and InfraRed Imager (SEVIRI) sensor on board the geo-stationary satellite Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) and take into consideration an eruption of the Etna volcano as a study case (1st of April 2012, 04:30 and 05:30 UTC). The procedures are general and may therefore be extended to any other similar case.     

A study on cycle slip detection and correction in case of ionospheric scintillation

This research is aiming for cycle slip detection and correction in case of ionospheric scintillation. Different from the normally discussed situation without ionospheric scintillation, ionospheric delay cannot be neglected due to abrupt ionosphere change. In this case, ionosphere-free testing quantities for cycle slip detection and correction have to be used.     

Status and perspectives of indirect and direct dark matter searches

In this review article the current status of particle dark matter is addressed. We discuss the main theoretical extensions of the standard model which allow to explain dark matter in terms of a (yet undiscovered) elementary particle. We then discuss the theoretical predictions for the searches of particle dark matter: direct detection in low-background underground experiments and indirect detection of neutrinos, gamma-rays and antimatter with terrestrial and space-borne detectors. Attention will be placed also on the discussion of the uncertainties, mainly of astrophysical origin, which affect the theoretical predictions. The constraints placed by these searches on the extensions of the standard models will be briefly addressed.     

High resolution limb observations of clouds by the CRISTA-NF experiment during the SCOUT-O3 tropical aircraft campaign

The Cryogenic Infrared Spectrometers and Telescopes for the Atmosphere – New Frontiers (CRISTA-NF) experiment on board the Russian research aircraft Geophysica measures limb emission spectra with an unprecedented vertical and horizontal resolution in the 4–15 μm wavelength region. The IR spectra measured during the SCOUT-O3 Tropical Aircraft Campaign have been analysed with respect of cloud occurrence, cloud vertical and horizontal extent, cloud spatial structures and their utilisation for trace gas retrievals. In addition indicators for ice water content and optical thickness of the clouds have been adopted. These new kinds of measurements in the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere region are especially valuable for the design and development of future space borne high resolution limb sounders.     

多功能大气探测激光雷达应用

激光雷达具有高的时间和空间分辨率、优越的方向性和相干性、高的探测精度和实时快速的数据获取能力，已经被广泛应用于大气探测、环境监测等领域。随着技术的发展，大气探测激光雷达由最初的单波长、单功能朝着多波长、多功能方向发展，技术更加成熟，操作更加方便。本文将介绍大气探测激光雷达的基本原理，及其在探测大气气溶胶和云、水汽、温度、污染物和大气边界层高度等方面的数据应用。最后，对多波长多功能大气探测激光雷达的数据应用发展进行了总结和展望。     

迎角变化对细长旋成体绕流非定常压力脉动特征的影响

在亚临界流动范围内,通过对尖拱细长旋成体在无侧滑状态下的烟线显示和脉动压力测量试验,揭示了迎角α从0°向90°变化过程中细长体绕流依次经历了四种背涡流动结构:附着流动、对称二涡结构、非对称多涡结构和混合背涡结构.压力的脉动幅度在附着流动和对称二涡结构中沿轴向基本保持不变,在非对称多涡结构中是沿轴向增长的,而在混合背涡结构中却变为沿轴向减少.压力脉动频率值在非对称多涡结构中是沿轴向减少的,而在混合背涡结构中却是沿轴向增长的.     

合成孔径激光雷达研究

合成孔径激光雷达是目前国内外研究的热点。文中讨论了SAL的概念和原理,建立了SAL回波信号模型,研究了RD算法的处理流程,并进行了机载SAL点目标和分布目标成像的模拟仿真。仿真结果表明,SAL具有较高的分辨能力。此外,文中还提出了在军事上利用SAL和SAR联合检测军事目标的方法。     

Open framework for objective evaluation of crater detection algorithms with first test-field subsystem based on MOLA data

Crater Detection Algorithms (CDAs) applications range from estimation of lunar/planetary surface age to autonomous landing on planets and asteroids and advanced statistical analyses. A large amount of work on CDAs has already been published. However, problems arise when evaluation results of some new CDA have to be compared with already published evaluation results. The problem is that different authors use different test-fields, different Ground-Truth (GT) catalogues, and even different methodologies for evaluation of their CDAs. Re-implementation of already published CDAs or its evaluation environment is a time-consuming and unpractical solution to this problem. In addition, implementation details are often insufficiently described in publications. As a result, there is a need in research community to develop a framework for objective evaluation of CDAs. A scientific question is how CDAs should be evaluated so that the results are easily and reliably comparable. In attempt to solve this issue we first analyzed previously published work on CDAs. In this paper, we propose a framework for solution of the problem of objective CDA evaluation. The framework includes: (1) a definition of the measure for differences between craters; (2) test-field topography based on the 1/64° MOLA data; (3) the GT catalogue wherein each of 17,582 craters is aligned with MOLA data and confirmed with catalogues by N.G. Barlow et al. and J.F. Rodionova et al.; (4) selection of methodology for training and testing; and (5) a Free-response Receiver Operating Characteristics (F-ROC) curves as a way to measure CDA performance. The handling of possible improvements of the framework in the future is additionally addressed as a part of discussion of results. Possible extensions with additional test-field subsystems based on visual images, data sets for other planets, evaluation methodologies for CDAs developed for different purposes than cataloguing of craters, are proposed as well. The goal of the proposed framework is to contribute to the research community by establishing guidelines for objective evaluation of CDAs.     

非真空收集器质谱检漏标定技术

从理论上导出了非真空收集器质谱检漏漏率的几种标定公式 ,并对漏率标定的各种方法进行了利弊分析。经综合考虑认为 :为实现快速的高精度的漏率标定 ,采用标准气量直接加注法进行漏率的标定是比较适宜的     

亚像素条纹边缘提取技术在型面测量上的应用

三维型面非接触测量在工业领域有着广泛的应用前景.双目视觉是一种有效获取三维轮廓信息的方法,其中对大密度的黑白相间条纹进行精确定位和提取,是基于投影光栅图像的光学三维型面测量的关键技术和难点.利用空间编码技术将被测空间划分为若干区域,每个区域对应一个二进制码.条纹落在区域上与唯一的二进制码相对应,就可以对条纹精确定位.利用边缘提取算法获得像素级条纹后,再利用亚像素技术可以进一步对条纹进行高精度提取.介绍了基于灰度矩的和基于多项式拟合的亚像素边缘检测算法.将空间编码和亚像素条纹提取技术相结合,对光栅条纹进行亚像素级定位和提取的技术,与像素级的定位技术相比,能提高图像的定位精度,有效地改善测量系统的性能.