小不对称再入体滚转气动力测量技术

为了解决小不对称再入体滚转气动力测量问题 ,北京空气动力研究所研制开发了以空气轴承为核心的滚转气动力测量技术 ,利用空气轴承自身旋转阻尼非常小的特点 ,使模型做自由滚转运动 ,一个特殊设计的非接触的光学测量系统测出模型的转角随时间的历程 ,用参数拟合的方法得到滚转力矩的大小和方向。为验证该项实验技术的正确性与可靠性 ,在5 0 0高超声速风洞中对 4个模型进行了吹风实验 ,吹风马赫数为 5 ,测量滚转力矩系数Cl0 和滚转阻力矩系数Clp。实验结果表明 ,该文方法数据合理 ,并较其它方法更具有鲁棒性。     

细长体大迎角绕流的滚转角特性

尖拱和钝拱细长体的截面侧向力分布呈现明显的滚转角效应。不同滚转角下尖拱侧向力沿轴向分布曲线(CC～x/D)的相位和半周期各不相同,截面侧向力随滚转角变化(CC～)呈现一定的无规律性;而钝拱CC～x/D曲线的相位和半周期基本相同,但振幅值大小依赖于滚转角,CC～分布呈完全的无规律性。尖拱模型头部的加工精度导致的微扰动使得尖拱CC～x/D分布变成型式基本一致的两簇曲线,其特征点和半周期分别对应相同,CC～分布呈现典型的双周期方波。     

扩展分形在SAR图像特定尺寸目标检测中的应用

介绍了扩展分形(Extended fractal)技术在合成孔径雷达(SAR)图像特定尺寸目标检测中的应用。与传统的检测特征相比，扩展分形特征不仅可以依靠时比度从背景中识别目标，而且对目标物体的尺寸敏感。文中对扩展分形的定义以及扩展分形的均值和方差进行了分析，表明了扩展分形对目标尺寸和对比度的敏感特性。在扩展分形定义中，通过比较不同的能量增长间隔比值对扩展分形均值和方差的影响，确定了最优能量增长间隔比值，将扩展分形技术用于对实测SAR图像中特定尺寸目标检测，得到了良好的识别效果。实验表明，扩展分形技术对特定尺寸的目标具有很好的检测性能。     

小卫星动平衡研究--质心不对中对姿态的影响

首先定性分析质心不对中对星体动力学特性的影响，然后由拉格朗日第二类方程导出引力场下星体运动方程的矩阵表达式，最后以50kg级长方体3轴稳定小卫星为例，分析不同初角速度和不同时间历程情况下质心不对中对星体运动姿态的影响，并分析其对星体运动稳定性的影响．本文研究为同类品种小卫星的构型设计、姿态控制系统设计以及制定卫星动平衡精度提供依据。     

北斗导航系统接收机 自主完好性监测算法及性能分析

北斗导航定位系统是我国自主研制的全球导航定位系统,其接收机的自主完好性是决定可靠性的关键因 素之一。文章推导了RAIM(Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring)算法的观测模型,并在此基础上推导了基于 最小二乘法的RAIM算法、故障检测和故障识别算法。仿真表明,该算法可以检测出故障并识别故障卫星。     

自适应的光纤布拉格光栅图像寻峰算法

根据实际光谱特征, 提出了自适应的光纤布拉格光栅图像寻峰算法。针对 不同环境物理场及噪声分布下的光栅谱型,该算法能自动检测光谱的带宽和信噪比,自 适应地调整算法的高斯模板带宽大小,提高谱型匹配及滤波效果,从而提高寻峰精度。 将该算法与高斯拟合法、质心法进行对比,分析了其在不同噪声大小及非均匀温度场分 布下光纤布拉格光栅反射光谱的寻峰精度。理论仿真及实际寻峰结果表明,该寻峰算法 具有较强的抗噪能力及谱型适应性,较质心法、高斯拟合法具有显著优势。     

Evaluation of conflict-resolution policies on controller taskload

In an effort to maintain safety while satisfying growing air traffic demand, air navigation service providers are considering the inclusion of advisory systems to identify potential conflicts and propose resolution commands for the air traffic controller to verify and issue to aircraft. To understand the potential workload implications of introducing advisory conflict-detection and resolution tools, this paper examines a metric of controller taskload: how many resolution commands an air traffic controller issues under the guidance of an advisory system. Through a simulation study, the research presented here evaluates how the underlying protocol of a conflict-resolution tool affects the controller taskload (system demands) associated with the conflict-resolution process, and implicitly the controller workload (physical and psychological demands). Ultimately, evidence indicates that there is significant flexibility in the design of conflict-resolution algorithms supporting an advisory system.     

Two-Dimensional Modal Curvature for Damage Detection in Plates

Mode shape has become a hotspot of vibration-based damage detection in plates.Two-dimensional(2D)modal curvature(MC2D),derived from mode shapes,is a prevailing physical quantity used to indicate damage.Unfortunately,the physical mechanism of MC2 Dfor characterizing damage in plates has not been clarified to date.In contrast,one-dimensional(1D)modal curvature(MC1D)has explicit physical mechanism to portray damage in beams.Unresolved physical mechanism of MC2 Dseverely hampers its applications for damage identification in plates.To address this deficiency,the clarification mechanism of MC2 Dis investigated to identify damage.With the clarified mechanism,numerical and experimental cases are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of MC2 Din detecting damage in plates.     

Proposal for a United Nations Basic Space Technology Initiative

The United Nations Programme on Space Applications, implemented by the United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs, promotes the benefits of space-based solutions for sustainable economic and social development. The Programme assists Member States of the United Nations to establish indigenous capacities for the use of space technology and its applications. In the past the Programme has primarily been focusing on the use of space applications and on basic space science activities. However, in recent years there has been a strong interest in a growing number of space-using countries to build space technology capacities, for example, the ability to develop and operate small satellites. In reaction to this development, the United Nations in cooperation with the International Academy of Astronautics has been organizing annual workshops on small satellites in the service of developing countries. Space technology related issues have also been addressed as part of various other activities of the Programme on Space Applications. Building on these experiences, the Office for Outer Space Affairs is now considering the launch of a new initiative, preliminarily titled the United Nations Basic Space Technology Initiative (UNBSTI), to promote basic space technology development. The initiative would be implemented in the framework of the Programme on Space Applications and its aim would be to help building sustainable capacities for basic space technology education and development, thereby advancing the operational use of space technology and its applications.     

Detection of volcanic gases and particles by satellite

In this paper the detection of components of volcanic eruption has been carried out investigating, in appropriate bands of the electromagnetic spectrum (6.25, 8.7, 10.8, 12 μm), the values of the brightness temperature. The analysis has been performed in the Thermal Infrared Region (TIR) studying both the absorption–emission and scattering phenomena related to the interactions between electromagnetic radiation and volcanic emissions. The results have been achieved by means of a combined use of numerical simulations, devoted to examining the behaviour of the atmosphere gases and volcanic components, and remotely sensed satellite images. The proposed methodologies allow an estimate of the amount of gaseous and solid components, of the size of the emitted particles, of the height of the volcanic plume and of the distance of the volcanic components from the crater. The processed images come from the Spinning Enhanced Visible and InfraRed Imager (SEVIRI) sensor on board the geo-stationary satellite Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) and take into consideration an eruption of the Etna volcano as a study case (1st of April 2012, 04:30 and 05:30 UTC). The procedures are general and may therefore be extended to any other similar case.