空中加油变质量建模与干扰补偿控制

为抑制空中加油给飞机带来的变质量影响,将质量的变化等效为对飞机的干扰力和干扰力矩,建立了变质量飞机的一般动力学模型,并经过小扰动线性化得到飞机带干扰的纵向状态方程.采用比例积分观测器(PIO)对干扰进行观测,基于观测值设计了补偿控制器以实现对变质量干扰的抑制.以受油机为例进行计算机仿真,结果表明,该模型有效地反映了变质量受油机的动力学特性,干扰补偿控制器能够实现对变质量受油机的精确控制.     

基于全三维设计的航空紧固件信息表达

MBD模型将产品的设计、制造、检验、装配信息集成化,成为全三维设计过程准确、实时、可追溯到单一数据源,实现三维数字化制造、装配无纸化.占飞机整体零件数量半数以上的紧固件,种类繁多、造型复杂.针对紧固件信息设计、装配效率、准确率低的特点,提出了基于MBD的航空紧固件3D点线表达方式,分析航空紧固件及其相关信息的结构化管理组织方式,设计人员综合考虑零部件位置、载荷要求、变形程度等因素,确定紧固件型号,形成以3D点线形式表达紧固件并可直接交付装配部门的装配文件,使紧固件装配设计流程正规化、标准化.     

三坐标测量机上自由型曲面的精确测量

提出自适应扫描测量法和自由型曲面的单有序测量方法,用双三次参数Ｂ样条和最小二乘法建立测头中心轨迹曲面的数学描述,实现测头半径的三维补偿和被测曲面的生成重建。测量步长自动选择,测量过程简便,曲面生成准确度高,适用于三坐标测量机上自由曲面的快速、精确测量和重建。     

PREDICTIVE VARIABLE STRUCTURE CONTROL FOR A CLASS OF NONLINEAR SYSTEM

Nonlinear sliding mode predictive controller is designed for a class of nonlinear system with unmodeled dynamic characteristics and nonlinear term. The method is based on nonlinear optimal predictive control. The variable structure control law minimizes the quadratic index of a predictive sliding mode, which contains the cost function of control preventing the control effect from saturation for in most practical implementation the control inputs are bounded by physical constraints and energy constraints. According to the immeasurable states, the variable structure observer for nonlinear systems is adapted. The variable structure system method is apt to the realization of observer with variable parameters and uncertainty. The proof shows that the states of the observer asymptotically convergence to the real states of the system although it is of uncertainty and nonlinear terms. Finally, the digital simulation results prove the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

微小卫星数据存储器单粒子作用的检测及纠错

因为辐射导致的单粒子翻转效应（SEU）,使得微小卫星星上存储器在太空运行时其内容可能出现小概率错误,这种错误会影响计算机系统的运行和关键数据。文章阐述了“清华一号”微小卫星数据处理系统对SEU的纠错方法,分别介绍了实现（12,8）和（39,32）的汉明码纠错设计和基于FPGA的三模块冗余纠错编码方法,并分析了这些方法的工作原理和过程。     

Research on Fault-tolerant Control Method of ElectromechanicalActuating System Based on Sliding Mode Observer

机电作动器(Electro-Mechanical Actuator,EMA)正在逐步代替液压/气压作动器而广泛应用于航空航天、军事等领域,特别是在多电/全电飞行器中,机电作动系统已引来大量学者开展各类型研究。在 EMA 的控制方法和实际应用逐渐成熟的前提下,进一步提高系统的可靠性得到广泛的关注。在 EMA 运行过程中能够进行实时的故障检测并保证系统的正常运行,有效提高系统可靠性对于 EMA 的应用具有重要意义。本文提出一种基于滑模观测器的容错控制方法,为 EMA 在工程应用中有效识别系统的运行状态提供重要手段,具有重要的理论意义和工程应用价值。通过仿真验证得出此方法可靠有效,验证了在系统运行过程中能够快速的识别故障并切换控制,表明 EMA 系统在此控制方法下具有很好的故障识别和故障隔离能力。     

外部中断在步进电机驱动实验中的应用

用单片机来控制步进电机,用软件的方法控制步进电机的方向及速度,通过对步进电机的驱动控制实验,了解外部中断中电平触发和边沿触发的区别。     

Mechanical behaviour of adhesively single lap joint under buckling conditions

Adhesive Single Lap Joints have been subjected to tensile and bending investigations by many researchers. However, the joint is also likely to experience buckling loading in some aerospace applications. The aim of this work is to investigate the joint behaviour under quasi-static buckling conditions. For this purpose, the joints with three different adherend thicknesses and 25 mm overlap length were tested using two different types of adherends and an adhesive film. They were modelled using a non-linear Finite Element Method via the ABAQUS Explicit package programme. Load to failure and stress distributions in the joints were predicted and compared with the experimental results, which were found in a good agreement. The adhesive layer in the joint was assumed to experience shear stresses under the buckling mode, similar to that in tensile loading, yet, the stress concentrations at the ends of the overlap, the main cause of the failure, resulted in different effects on the joint performance; for the buckling mode the critical stresses were in compression but for the tensile case in peeling. Unlike the latter, the former was found to prevent failure of the layer depending on the adherend thickness, causing different failure mechanisms. There were two different failure modes of the joints; a complete failure in the adhesive layer and large plastic deformation of adherends which could be a good source for crashworthiness situations. Mechanical properties of the adherends were found to play important roles on the joint performance.     

一种非仿射高超声速飞行器姿态系统控制方法

针对非仿射高超声速飞行器姿态控制问题,提出了一种基于反步法的非线性控制方法。首先,通过干扰观测器估计攻角动态中的扰动量,在此基础上设计了俯仰角速度虚拟控制指令。然后,针对含有非仿射项的参数不确定的俯仰角速度动态函数,将其视为一个扩张状态,通过状态观测器对其进行估计。接着,基于动态逆方法设计了升降襟副翼的控制律并基于李雅普诺夫方法证明了闭环系统的稳定性。采用指令滤波器避免反步法应用中虚拟控制指令微分项的"复杂性爆炸"问题,并得到虚拟控制指令的一阶和二阶导数信号。所提方法能够适用于变速变高飞行模式。最后,通过对比仿真实验,验证了所设计控制方法的有效性。     

复杂约束下的编队姿态有限时间协同控制方法

综合考虑无角速度量测、外部扰动和系统参数不确定性等约束条件的影响，研究航天器编队姿态有限时间协同控制问题。首先建立航天器相对姿态协同控制模型，利用扩张观测器实现对系统姿态角速度及耦合扰动的估计；在此基础上提出了一种有限时间滑模姿态协同控制律；通过构造合适的Lyapunov函数证明了系统相对姿态误差能够在有限时间内收敛到有界域内；将该结果推广到存在饱和输入情形下，并设计了相应的有限时间滑模姿态协同控制律。仿真结果校验了算法的有效性。