碳纤维复合材料卫星天线反射面型面精度稳定性分析

文章简述了卫星天线的组成、制造工艺过程，着重对影响天线反射面型面精度和尺寸稳定性有关内容，从材料特性、铺层分析、成型模具材料和产品质量控制等内容进行了分析。     

二维三轴编织复合材料压缩失效行为的细观有限元模拟

为研究典型二维三轴编织复合材料（2DTBC）的压缩破坏机理,建立了细观有限元模拟方法体系。提出了反映编织复合材料真实几何特性的单胞模型建模策略,根据Murakami-Ohno损伤理论建立了各向异性损伤模型来模拟纤维束中的损伤起始和扩展行为,通过引入波动系数描述了纤维束的起伏状态,并采用内聚力单元来模拟界面分层。在此基础上,分析得到了二维三轴编织复合材料在压缩载荷下的破坏过程,研究了压缩载荷下纤维束和界面层的损伤演化,探讨了纤维束波动对压缩性能的影响规律。通过与相关试验结果对比,该模型能够准确预测二维三轴编织复合材料在面内压缩载荷下的力学响应和主要失效行为,以及自由边效应。细观失效过程分析结果表明,二维三轴编织复合材料轴向压缩的破坏是由轴向纤维束的纤维压缩失效主导的;横向压缩破坏则是由偏轴纤维束的纤维压缩失效引起的。     

自动铺丝最小间隙路径规划与复合材料锥壳结构制造

自动铺丝技术（AFP）是提高复合材料构件制造效率和降低其制造成本的关键技术和重要手段。铺放轨迹的设计是控制自动铺丝工艺质量的关键。对于复杂的结构形式,合理的铺丝路径对保证可制造性及铺贴质量至关重要。本文针对简化后的后机身锥壳特征结构,研究了基于固定角法、测地线法和变角度法的自动铺丝轨迹算法设计,解决了铺放复杂曲面满覆盖问题;总结对比获得了不同铺丝轨迹方法的特点和适用范围。以保证工艺性并满足结构设计铺层方向为原则,选用了带宽为6.35 mm的自动铺丝预浸料完成工艺验证件制造,并通过有限元分析评估了自动铺丝轨迹算法的合理性。结果表明：该结构宜采用测地线法铺放0°方向铺层以减少褶皱;采用固定角法铺放90°方向铺层能够保证连续铺放;采用结合预浸窄带侧弯试验结果的变角度轨迹规划方法铺放此锥类构件±45°方向铺层能够保持最小间隙。铺丝间隙使锥壳结构单层等效模量下降约30%,整体强度下降约10%。因而在结构优化设计时需考虑自动铺丝工艺对安全裕度影响的因素。     

一种燃油箱绿色惰化系统地面惰化性能分析

在描述一种采用催化燃烧产生惰气来降低油箱气相空间氧体积分数的新型绿色惰化工作原理基础上,设计了绿色惰化系统流程,通过一定的假设和简化建立了其数学模型并进行了求解.将结果与采用中空纤维膜产生富氮气体的机载惰化系统进行了比较,结果显示:当绿色惰化系统中抽吸气的流量与中空纤维膜惰化所产生富氮气体流量一致时,前者惰化效果远好于后者.同时,还研究了催化反应器效率和预热气体抽取比例对绿色惰化系统的影响,结果表明:提高反应器效率可有效缩短达到安全氧体积分数所需的时间,且最终油箱气相空间氧体积分数会降低,而选取合适的预热气体抽取比例可以减少系统能耗.      

沥青基碳纤维热导率的间接法测量

文摘采用"四探针法"测定6种沥青基碳纤维单丝的轴向电阻率,通过3个经验公式计算得到其热导率,再将计算值与厂商公布值进行对比分析。结果表明:对于热导率600或300 W/(m·K)的碳纤维采用公式λ=1261/ρ计算得到的热导率值与厂商公布值最为吻合,而对于热导率在300~600 W/(m·K)的碳纤维采用公式λ=440 000/(100ρ+258)-295计算得到的热导率值与厂商公布值最为吻合。以此测试值为基础,建立了沥青基碳纤维单丝电阻率与其热导率的函数关系λ=152 740/(100ρ+22)-26,具有更强的普适性。     

纺丝工艺对炭纤维缠绕复合材料强度转化率的影响

通过不同纺丝工艺的聚丙烯腈基炭纤维表面状态、NOL环及Φ150 mm容器的实验研究,分析了不同纺丝工艺对湿法缠绕复合材料聚丙烯腈基炭纤维强度转化率的影响。结果表明,干喷湿纺炭纤维比湿法纺丝Φ150 mm容器环向纤维强度转化率要高出11.9%~15.4%,湿法纺丝的炭纤维复合材料NOL环层间剪切强度要比干喷湿纺炭纤维复合材料高7.4~34.1 MPa。因此,干喷湿纺的炭纤维可应用于固体火箭发动机缠绕壳体、压力容器等主要承受拉伸应力的领域,可充分发挥其纤维强度;而湿法纺丝工艺制成的炭纤维与树脂基体结合紧密,利于载荷的传递,可应用于承受压缩剪切等复杂载荷的领域,从而发挥这两种纤维各自不同优势。     

循环吸湿对炭纤维复合材料界面性能的影响

通过对炭纤维增强复合材料进行70、85、100℃下的循环水浸吸湿试验,研究了复合材料在不同水浸温度下的吸湿-脱湿行为规律。同时,对循环吸湿-脱湿过程中的试样进行层间剪切强度测试和动态力学性能测试,并结合扫描电镜观察循环吸湿各个阶段的纤维基体结合状态。结果表明,水浸温度越高,水分的扩散速率越快,饱和吸湿率越大。经过循环吸湿后复合材料的吸湿行为仍满足Fick第二定律,吸湿后层间剪切强度下降,湿热循环次数越多下降的越明显。脱湿后层间剪切强度有所恢复,水浸温度越高造成的不可逆破坏越大,层间剪切强度恢复的越少。干态时的玻璃化转变温度为231℃,吸湿后下降了37℃。     

熔融沉积成型连续碳纤维增强尼龙蜂窝芯材的压缩特性

采用熔融沉积成型方法成形了连续碳纤维增强尼龙复合材料蜂窝芯材,并对不同测试方向的静态单轴压缩特性进行了表征分析,着重关注不同测试方向熔融沉积成形蜂窝芯材平面静态压缩破碎行为和能量吸收行为,并与纯聚合物基体进行对比。结果表明:X_1方向的压缩平台区域的力-位移曲线更加平滑稳定,且载荷值稍高于X_2方向,因此X_1方向更适用于能量吸收应用;此外,连续纤维的增强作用可使蜂窝芯材的平台载荷值得到明显提升。研究结果为连续纤维增强聚合物复合材料的空间增材制造提供理论基础。     

Laser-induced oxidation assisted micro milling of high aspect ratio microgroove on WC-Co cemented carbide

Severe tool wear and poor surface quality are the main problems during micro machining of cemented carbide. In this work, an innovative hybrid process of laser-induced oxidation assisted micro milling (LOMM) was proposed to solve the problems. A nanosecond laser was utilized to induce oxidation of the WC-20%Co material, producing loose oxide which was easy to remove. The micro machinability of the material was improved by laser-induced oxidation. The oxidation mechanisms of cemented carbide were studied. A microgroove with a depth of 2.5 mm and aspect ratio of 5 was fabricated successfully. The milling force, surface quality and tool wear mechanisms were investigated. For comparison, a microgroove was also fabricated with conventional micro milling (COMM) using identical milling parameters. Results revealed that in LOMM the milling force and tool wear rate were extremely low during removing the oxide. The machined surface quality and dimensional accuracy achieved by LOMM were superior to those obtained by COMM. The surface roughness S_a of the microgroove bottom reached 88 nm in LOMM, while the cross-sectional geometry of the microgroove was a trapezoid. Perpendicularity of the microgroove sidewall machined by LOMM was better than that by COMM. The tool wear forms in LOMM were coating spalling and slight tool nose breakage. Compared with COMM, the tool life in LOMM was prolonged significantly. It indicates that the proposed hybrid process is an effective and efficient way to fabricate high aspect ratio micro-features with high dimensional accuracy.     

Fast Probabilistic Particle Identification algorithm using silicon strip detectors

Active detectors used as radiation monitors in space are not usually able to perform Particle Identification (PID). Common techniques need energy loss spectra with high statistics to estimate ion abundances. The ALTEA-space detector system is a set of silicon strip particle telescopes monitoring the radiation environment on board the International Space Station since July 2006 with real-time telemetry capabilities. Its large geometrical factor due to the concurrent use of six detectors permits the acquisition of good energy loss spectra even in a short period of observation. In this paper we present a novel Fast Probabilistic Particle Identification (FPPI) algorithm developed for the ALTEA data analysis in order to perform nuclear identification with low statistics and, with some limitations, also in real time.