Shock Wave Interaction with the Magnetopause

The magnetopause is in continuous motion and shock waves and impulsive acceleration events can occur. As an example, we show that the interaction of an interplanetary shock with the bow shock can generate a shock wave that after passing through the magnetosheath can interact with the magnetopause. In fluid dynamics, when a shock wave encounters a fluid discontinuity, the interface may become unstable and form bubbles and spikes. We consider this Richtmyer-Meshkov instability in magnetohydrodynamics. At the dayside magnetopause, the instability tends to be stabilized by the magnetic field. However, the shock wave interaction can initiate magnetic field reconnection for the southward IMF, which may be important in strong interplanetary shock events. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Simulating planetary wave propagation to the upper atmosphere during stratospheric warming events at different mountain wave scenarios

Parameterization schemes of atmospheric normal modes (NMs) and orographic gravity waves (OGWs) have been implemented into the mechanistic Middle and Upper Atmosphere Model (MUAM) simulating atmospheric general circulation. Based on the 12-members ensemble of runs with the MUAM, a composite of the stratospheric warming (SW) has been constructed using the UK Met Office data as the lower boundary conditions. The simulation results show that OGW amplitudes increase at altitudes above 30 km in the Northern Hemisphere after the SW event. At altitudes of about 50 km, OGWs have largest amplitudes over North American and European mountain systems before and during the composite SW, and over Himalayas after the SW. Simulations demonstrate substantial (up to 50–70%) variations of amplitudes of stationary planetary waves (PWs) during and after the SW in the mesosphere-lower thermosphere of the Northern Hemisphere. Westward travelling NMs have amplitude maxima not only in the Northern, but also in the Southern Hemisphere, where these modes have waveguides in the middle and upper atmosphere. Simulated variations of PW and NM amplitudes correspond to changes in the mean zonal wind, EP-fluxes and wave refractive index at different phases of the composite SW events. Inclusion of the parameterization of OGW effects leads to decreases in amplitudes (up to 15%) of almost all SPWs before and after the SW event and their increase (up to 40–60%) after the SW in the stratosphere and mesosphere at middle and high northern latitudes. It is suggested that observed changes in NM amplitudes in the Southern Hemisphere during SW could be caused by divergence of increased southward EP-flux. This EP-flux increases due to OGW drag before SW and extends into the Southern Hemisphere.     

一种冲击响应谱试验设备校准装置的研制

介绍了冲击响应谱基本概念及其试验设备的分类与工作原理，参考现行冲击试验台检定规程提出了针对该设备的校准方法，设计了一种基于虚拟仪器技术的新型冲击响应谱试验设备校准装置，给出了典型冲击波形（半正弦、矩形、后峰锯齿）的冲击响应谱仿真计算结果并进行了验证，计算结果与理论结果完全一致，证明算法准确可靠，能够实现对冲击响应谱试验设备的校准。     

How do interplanetary shock impact angles control the size of the geoeffective magnetosphere?

In this paper, we investigate temporal and spatial magnetosphere response to the impact of interplanetary (IP) shocks with different inclinations and speeds on the Earth’s magnetosphere. A data set with more than 500 IP shocks is used to identify positive sudden impulse (SI⁺) events as expressed by the SuperMAG partial ring current index. The SI⁺ rise time (RT), defined as the time interval between compression onset and maximum SI⁺ signature, is obtained for each event. We use RT and a model suggested by Takeuchi et al. (2002) to calculate the geoeffective magnetospheric distance (GMD) in the shock propagation direction as a function of shock impact angle and speed for each event. GMD is a generalization of the geoeffective magnetosphere length (GML) suggested by Takeuchi et al. (2002), defined from the subsolar point along the X line toward the tail. We estimate statistical GMD and GML values which are then reported for the first time. We also show that, similarly to well-known results for RT, the highest correlation coefficient for the GMD and impact angle is found for shocks with high speeds and small impact angles, and the faster and more frontal the shock, the smaller the GMD. This result indicates that the magnetospheric response depends heavily on shock impact angle. With these results, we argue that the prediction and forecasting of space weather events, such as those caused by coronal mass ejections, will not be accurately accomplished if the disturbances’ angles of impact are not considered as an important parameter within model and observation scheme capabilities.     

A theoretical method for solving shock relations coupled with chemical equilibrium and its applications

In this study, a theoretical method is proposed to solve shock relations coupled with chemical equilibrium. Not only shock waves in dissociated flows but also detonation waves in combustive mixtures can be solved. The global iterative solving process is specially designed to mimic the physical and chemical process in reactive shock waves to ensure good stability and fast convergence in the proposed method. Within each global step, the single-variable equations of normal and oblique shock relatio...     

中心锥对旋转爆轰发动机内外流场影响的三维数值模拟研究

为探究中心锥对旋转爆轰发动机(Rotating Detonation Engine,简称RDE)内外流场结构与推进性能的影响,本文设计了90°、60°、45°、30°、20°、14°锥角与无中心锥7种构型,对燃烧室内径为78mm、外径为88mm、长度为100mm的RDE进行三维数值模拟,推导了适用于带中心锥RDE的推力公式,获得了各构型下详尽的流场参数。结果表明：在本文构型下中心锥对内流场影响很小,各构型的内流场参数与结构基本一致;中心锥对外流场的爆轰产物有轴向加速与径向吸附作用,能够调控尾部区域的流场特性;中心锥对由压差项产生的推力具有显著的提升效果,最佳推力性能出现在20°中心锥构型中,RDE总推力增益达22.8%。研究结果揭示了中心锥对RDE推力影响的作用机理,阐明了锥角对推进性能的影响规律,对带锥形构型的尾喷管设计工作提供了参考。     

冲击温度的理论计算及分析

当空间飞行器受到碎片的碰撞时,其壳体中会产生冲击加热。文章概述了计算冲击温度的三种基本方法;计算了铁的冲击加热温度,并与实验测量值作了比较。结果表明,利用三项式物态方程计算的冲击温度与测量值符合得比较好。另外,还对影响冲击温度计算值的若干因素进行了分析     

具有无源控制空腔时正激波/湍流附面层干扰的数值模拟

采用雷诺平均N-S方程和B/L代数湍流模型计算了具有无源控制空腔时正激波/湍流附面层干扰流场。计算与实验结果的比较表明,本文方法可较准确地预测激波结构、激波与附面层干扰区流动基本特征及波后流动分离状态、激波位置、波前马赫数等参数。      

一种有效的消波装置

对无限长渠道中小振幅入射波通过两块间距为ｌ,透水性能不同的多孔透水板的反射和透射进行了研究。应用分离变量法得到了反射波和透射波的波形。结果表明,当ｌ为入射波半波长的倍数时,反射波和透射波振幅最大,消波效果差,最佳消波率为５０％。当ｌ为入射波１／４波长加半波长的倍数时,反射波和透射波振幅最小,消波效果好,最佳消波率大于５０％。此外,还得到了无反射波的条件。     

跨音弯掠风扇转子叶片的气动弹性剪裁

跨音风扇进口级增压比的进一步提高,主要受两方面的制约,一是效率,二是气动弹性失稳。这两个因素与转子流场中的激波和激波诱导的大尺度分离紧密相关。激波结构又和转子叶片前缘空间曲线形状直接联系。因此,如何精心设计转子叶片前缘空间曲线形状来控制激波结构,就成了当代风扇气动力学的前沿,并导致风扇弯掠空气动力学概念的出现。在具体设计中,此问题可称之为气动与气动弹性综合剪裁。本文简述综合剪裁中的一个组成部分,即气动弹性剪裁问题,并对一个单级风扇转子叶片给出实例。