二元进气道非均匀超音来流试验研究

介绍一种二元进气道模型在非均匀超音来流中的初步研究结果。试验在DLR小型超音风洞上进行。为造成非均匀来流条件,试验中将部分或全部试验段顶壁附面层引入进气道模型。结果表明,进气斜板产生的头激波与来流附面层相互作用的性状在不同的附面层隔道下变化极大。随隔道高度增加,激波附面层相互作用距离L起初亦增加,当全部附面层被排移后,L大幅度下降。与均匀来流试验结果相比较,当来流顶壁附面层全部被进气道吞入时,该进气道总压恢复σ及质量流率m分别降低18％及15％(M_∞=2.19),同时出口面总压畸变大幅度增加。文章分析了原因及对进气道性能影响的强度。     

跨音风扇激波/漏流涡干扰模型探讨

激波/漏流涡干扰系旋转运动与突然的逆压力梯度的强相互作用,引起各自形态和强度发生变化。涡破裂对风扇/压气机效率和稳定性十分不利。本文探讨了激波/漏流涡干扰的物理模型,通过求解涡核运动方程,分析了涡核特征参数对涡破裂的影响,为控制涡破裂提供了根据。      

飞船返回舱俯仰振荡的动态稳定性研究

本文研究了以平衡攻角为中心作单自由度俯仰振荡的飞船返回舱 ,其动态稳定形态随来流M∞ 的变化。设θ(t)是由平衡攻角起算的俯仰振荡角 ,Cm 是作用在飞船返回舱上的气动俯仰力矩系数 ,Cμ(θ, θ)· θ是机械阻尼力矩 (自由飞行时为零 ,实验时要计入其影响 ) ,文中给出飞船返回舱在平衡攻角处的俯仰振荡动态稳定性判据 ,并证明λ =λ(M∞) = Cm θ0+Cμ(0 ,0 ) 1 - Cm ¨θ0 是决定动稳定形态的重要参数。如果随M∞ 的变化 ,λ(M∞)由λ<0经过λ =0变化到λ>0 ,则飞船返回舱将由稳定的点吸引子形态 (即稳定在平衡攻角状态 )演化为周期吸引子形态 (即作周期振荡 )。对应于λ(M∞) =0的马赫数就是飞船返回舱的俯仰运动出现Hopf分叉的临界马赫数Mcr 。本文首先分析了飞船返回舱所受动态气动俯仰力矩的依赖状态变量 ,然后应用非线性动力学理论对飞船返回舱的俯仰运动进行了定性理论分析 ;最后耦合求解俯仰振荡方程和非定常Navier Stokes方程 ,数值模拟了飞船返回舱俯仰振荡随来流马赫数变化的Hopf分叉过程 ,验证了分析结论     

高速转动壳体行波振动实验研究

本文对轴对称薄壁壳结构的振动特性进行了试验研究。对一圆柱薄壳在静止状态和高速旋转状态下进行了模态试验。试验结果验证了轴对称薄壁壳在转动状态下,由于科氏力的影响,同一模态在转动坐标系中,存在不同频率的前后行波。为理论计算和发生在航空发动机中转动薄壁件振动设计,提供了可靠的试验依据。     

使用“双腔负压法”实现激波管高声压级校准

提供了在激波管中使用“双腔负压法”实现高声压级校准的方法,该方法克服了静电激励法高声压级校准中只能给出了传声器的电学特性的特点本文初步描述了使用该方法的激波管系统的组成,实验步骤以及ＨＣ１６传声器初步实验的结果。”     

进气道内激波/边界层干扰及控制研究进展

进气道作为高速航空航天飞行器的重要气动部件,对飞行器的气动力特性、结构重量、隐身性能等有显著影响。激波/边界层干扰现象是高速进气道内普遍存在的一类流动现象,对进气道的性能有突出的影响。发生于进气道内的激波/边界层干扰现象主要可分为正激波/边界层干扰、斜激波/边界层干扰以及三维激波/边界层干扰几类,由于受到侧壁壁面和进气道内背景波系的影响,这些干扰现象偏离了传统基于简化模型的研究结果,具有显著的耦合干扰特征,干扰区间内三维特征明显。概述了发生于进气道内的激波/边界层干扰特性及相关研究进展,并对目前进气道内激波/边界层干扰现象的控制方法进行了总结。     

高速风洞运转特性数值模拟

下吹-抽吸式高速风洞的起动和运转对模型测试有重要影响。为分析试验模型和扩压器对风洞起动和运转特性的影响,采用数值模拟方法,使用二维轴对称模型对Φ0.5m高速风洞的流场进行了研究,控制方程为粘性可压缩Navier-Stokes方程。对马赫数5和10两种状态下的流场行了对比,结果表明,试验段基本流态受试验舱静压控制,收集器对流动状态有很大影响。当带模型运转时,试验段内激波结构更为复杂,出现明显溢流,总压损失更大,所需起动压比越大;扩压器平直段直径决定了其静压恢复效率。扩压器平直段直径增大或安装模型时,临界运转压比都会明显增大;且马赫数越大,受到的影响越大。马赫数5带模型起动时,扩压器平直段直径0.5m,气流壅塞,风洞无法启动。无模型时,当平直段直径0.45m,扩压器不能发挥静压恢复作用,风洞运行时间明显缩短。     

电弧放电等离子体激励控制超声速压气机叶栅激波/边界层干扰仿真研究

为研究电弧放电等离子体激励对超声速压气机叶栅激波/边界层干扰的控制作用,建立了模拟等离子体激励作用效果的唯象学模型,进一步以ARL-SL19超声速叶栅为对象,通过数值仿真研究了电弧放电等离子体与叶栅通道内部流动的相互作用及其对叶栅流动损失的影响。结果表明:等离子体唯象学模型能够较好模拟电弧放电等离子体诱导产生冲击波的气动特性。电弧放电等离子体激励对叶栅通道内部流动主要具有三种作用效果:在放电区,注入的热量会产生阻塞效应,增加近壁面气流的流动损失;在激波/边界层相互作用区,能够改变激波系结构,减小激波损失;在尾迹区,冲击波会诱导产生脱落涡。     

Hydrodynamic instabilities and transverse waves in propagation mechanism of gaseous detonations

The present study examines the role of transverse waves and hydrodynamic instabilities mainly, Richtmyer–Meshkov instability (RMI) and Kelvin–Helmholtz instability (KHI) in detonation structure using two-dimensional high-resolution numerical simulations of Euler equations. To compare the numerical results with those of experiments, Navier–Stokes simulations are also performed by utilizing the effect of diffusion in highly irregular detonations. Results for both moderate and low activation energy mixtures reveal that upon collision of two triple points a pair of forward and backward facing jets is formed. As the jets spread, they undergo Richtmyer–Meshkov instability. The drastic growth of the forward jet found to have profound role in re-acceleration of the detonation wave at the end of a detonation cell cycle. For irregular detonations, the transverse waves found to have substantial role in propagation mechanism of such detonations. In regular detonations, the lead shock ignites all the gases passing through it, hence, the transverse waves and hydrodynamic instabilities do not play crucial role in propagation mechanism of such regular detonations. In comparison with previous numerical simulations present simulation using single-step kinetics shows a distinct keystone-shaped region at the end of the detonation cell.     

Longitudinal distribution of thermospheric densities and ionization rates in the upper atmosphere of Mars at mid-latitude using MGS ACC data

The Accelerometer Experiment (ACC) onboard Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) measured 1600 density profiles in the upper atmosphere of Mars during aerobraking. These measurements reveal large-scale and small-scale structure in the thermosphere of Mars. Here, the measurements of mass density for 115 orbits (#P0670–P0789) from November 1 to 30, 1998, under spring equinox and medium solar activity conditions (average F_10.7 ∼ 137) during phase 2 of the aerobraking in the thermosphere of Mars at different altitudes and longitudes are presented for northern mid-latitude (17–42°N) in the dayside atmosphere using ACC onboard MGS. From these mass densities, the neutral densities of different gases are derived from their mixing ratios. Using these neutral densities, the longitudinal distribution of photoionization rates and photoelectron impact ionization rates are calculated at wavelength range 1–102.57 nm due to EUV and soft X-ray radiation under photochemical controlled region using Analytical Yield Spectrum approach (AYS). These conditions are appropriate for MGS Phase 2 aerobraking period from which the accelerometer data is used. Under the photochemical equilibrium condition, the electron density near the peak varies as the square root of the total peak ionization rate. Using this fact, an attempt is being made to estimate the mean primary and secondary peak electron density by averaging the longitudinal variations of total peak ionization rates in the northern mid-latitude (17–42°N) ionosphere of Mars, as there is no radio science measurement at this latitude region by MGS.