钝体入水时的水下声场的测量

对钝体入水时的水下声场进行了深入研究。在水中大约30个不同的测点上，测量了入水时产生的水中激波(声波)的压力，从而获得了激波的空间能量分布及其传播速度的实验数据。     

Study on passive momentum exchange landing gear using two-dimensional analysis

This paper discusses a landing response control system based on the momentum exchange principle for planetary exploration spacecraft. In the past, landing gear systems with cantilever designs that incorporate honeycomb materials to dissipate shock energy through plastic deformation have been used, but once tested before launch, the system cannot be used in a real mission. The sky crane system used for the Mars Science Laboratory by NASA can achieve a safe and precise landing, but it is highly complex. This paper introduces a momentum exchange impact damper (MEID) that absorbs the controlled object׳s momentum with extra masses called damper masses. The MEID is reusable, which makes it easy to ensure the landing gear׳s reliability. In this system, only passive elements such as springs are needed. A single-axis (SA) model has already been used to verify the effectiveness of MEIDs through simulations and experiments measuring the rebound height of the spacecraft. However, the SA model cannot address the rotational motion and tipping of the spacecraft. This paper presents a two-landing-gear-system (TLGS) model in which multiple MEIDs are equipped for two-dimensional analysis. Unlike in the authors׳ previous studies, in this study each MEID is launched when the corresponding landing gear lands and the MEIDs do not contain active actuators. This mechanism can be used to realize advanced control specifications, and it is simply compared with previous mechanisms including actuators, in which all of the MEIDs are launched simultaneously. If each MEID works when the corresponding gear lands, the rebound height of each gear can be minimized, and tipping can be prevented, as demonstrated by the results of our simulations.     

Radiation engineering analysis of shielding materials to assess their ability to protect astronauts in deep space from energetic particle radiation

An analysis is performed on four typical materials (aluminum, liquid hydrogen, polyethylene, and water) to assess their impact on the length of time an astronaut can stay in deep space and not exceed a design basis radiation exposure of 150 mSv. A large number of heavy lift launches of pure shielding mass are needed to enable long duration, deep space missions to keep astronauts at or below the exposure value with shielding provided by the vehicle. Therefore, vehicle mass using the assumptions in the paper cannot be the sole shielding mechanism for long duration, deep space missions. As an example, to enable the Mars Design Reference Mission 5.0 with a 400 day transit to and from Mars, not including the 500 day stay on the surface, a minimum of 24 heavy lift launches of polyethylene at 89,375 lbm (40.54 tonnes) each are needed for the 1977 galactic cosmic ray environment. With the assumptions used in this paper, a single heavy lift launch of water or polyethylene can protect astronauts for a 130 day mission before exceeding the exposure value. Liquid hydrogen can only protect the astronauts for 160 days. Even a single launch of pure shielding material cannot protect an astronaut in deep space for more than 180 days using the assumptions adopted in the analysis. It is shown that liquid hydrogen is not the best shielding material for the same mass as polyethylene for missions that last longer than 225 days.     

车身三坐标检测数据图形分析软件开发

根据三坐标测量机检测汽车车身后输出的数据特点,提出了一种计算机图形分析方法,并介绍了软件的编制.实施后,大大减少了车身精度分析时间,提高了分析准确性,并有效地提高了白车身质量.     

基于存储测试技术的强冲击波测量系统的设计与应用

针对有线式测量系统在弹药静爆威力试验中存在的问题,提出了一种基于存储测试技术的解决方案,描述了按照该方案研制的强冲击波测量系统的系统组成、结构和工作原理,并结合弹药静爆试验证明了该方案的可行性。     

高职语文课程目标生成来源探析

确立高职语文课程目标首先要探讨的问题是课程目标的生成来源问题,指出高职语文课程目标主要会受到四个方面的制约：学生成长需要的直接驱动、语文课程范式的内在促成、高职教育目标的本质牵制、社会发展需要的外围制约。     

Dynamics in the Phobos environment

The dynamical environment on and about the Martian moon Phobos is explored. This planetary moon provides a unique dynamical environment in the solar system, being subject to extreme tidal forces and having a characteristically non-spherical shape. Further, it is not in a fully circular orbit, meaning that it has librations that arise from its eccentricity, contributing to a periodic forcing environment. Thus, to plan and implement missions in the vicinity of and on Phobos will require these considerations be taken into account. In this paper the latest published models of the Phobos shape and dynamics are used to characterize its dynamical environment in close proximity orbit about the body, for motion across its surface and for controlled hovering motion in its vicinity. It is found that surface motion is subject to a number of “speed limits” that can cause a moving vehicle to leave the surface and to possibly escape the moon and enter orbit about Mars. In terms of orbital stability, the existence of libration orbit families are characterized down to the surface using an exact potential, and the known stable QSO orbits are shown to be associated with families of stable quasi-periodic orbits.     

改进的粒子滤波算法在软着陆小天体中的应用

针对小天体软着陆过程中估计目标天体质心视线的导航方法失效问题,给出了一种基于特征点信息的自主光学导航方法。为了进一步提高对轨道参数的估计精度,考虑到系统中存在的非高斯噪声,以及基本粒子滤波算法带来的粒子退化和采样枯竭问题,给出了一种改进的粒子滤波算法。最后,通过仿真计算,验证了所给出的自主光学导航方法以及改进的粒子滤波算法的可行性和有效性。     

On the early phase of relativistic solar particle events: Are there signatures of acceleration mechanism?

Many physical processes precede and accompany the solar energetic particles (SEP) occurrence on the Earth’s orbit. Explosive energy release on the Sun gives rise to a flare and a coronal mass ejection (CME). X-ray and gamma emissions are believed to be connected with flares. Radio emission is signature of disturbances traveling through the corona and interplanetary space. Particles can gain energy both in the flare and the accompanying wave processes. The beginning of the SEP events has the advantage of being the phase most close to the time of acceleration. Influence of interplanetary transport is minimal in the case of first arriving relativistic solar protons recorded by ground based neutron monitors in so called ground-level enhancements (GLE). The early phase of the SEP events attracts attention of many scientists searching for the understanding of particle acceleration. However, they come to the opposite conclusions. While some authors find arguments for coronal mass ejections as a sole accelerator of SEPs, others prove a flare to be the SEP origin. Here, the circumstances of SEP generation for several GLEs of the 23rd solar cycle are considered. Timing of X-ray, CME, and radio emissions shows a great variety from event to event. However, the time of particle ejection from the Sun is closer to maximum of X-ray emission than to any other phenomena considered. No correlation is found between the particle fluxes and the CME characteristics.     

微波电热推力器钝头体方案的性能计算

进行了微波电热推力器（ＭＥＴ）钝头体方案的性能计算,对微波作了谐振模式ＴＭ０１１和波导模式ＴＭ０１两种选择。将计入电磁场作用的轴对称钝头体粘性流动方程,结合ＴＭ０１１或ＴＭ０１模式,与等离体区耦合求解,获得了ＴＥＴ比冲和推力等性能,结果与文献的实验及计算结果趋向一致。