形状记忆合金在航天器分离机构上的应用

形状记忆合金是一种新型的功能材料 ,利用其形状记忆效应可以在分离释放机构上用作执行元件。文章介绍了形状记忆合金的特性和相关应用技术。     

高超声速多体分离的Monte Carlo模拟仿真分析研究

在临近空间飞行器飞行试验任务中,运载器与飞行器之间的分离多数在临近空间发生。飞行器与箭体之间的气动特性,对分离过程的安全性有重要影响。然而,分离过程的动态特性和飞行器外形的复杂性给气动特性的正确预测造成了巨大困难,地面试验也很难验证。为此,发展了Monte Carlo打靶分析方法,在误差带宽内随机生成气动特性,通过增大气动特性的覆盖性,大大提高了气动特性对分离过程的安全性影响评估的正确性和可靠性。     

CST造型方法在涡轮叶片前缘修型中的应用研究

为了探究CST (形状函数变换技术)造型方法在涡轮叶片前缘修型中的应用效果,完善了CST方法在前缘型线重构中的实施细节,数值模拟了雷诺数对前缘修型前后叶型损失及边界层特性的影响,验证了CST前缘修型方法在新型高速飞行器低压涡轮中的实用性。结果显示:CST方法前缘修型可以消除HD叶型吸力侧前缘的压力峰和分离泡,从而使得高雷诺数条件下吸力侧分离诱导的边界层转捩现象延迟发生,叶型损失降低32%,拓展了低损失状态的雷诺数范围。吸力侧损失的降低在低雷诺数条件下主要来自于前缘附近的剪切层,而高雷诺数条件下主要来自于前缘剪切层和扩压段前的层流边界层。新型高速空天飞行器低压涡轮叶片采用CST前缘修型对提升效率是有效的,在设计点状态附近效率提高0.1%,而膨胀比较低的大负攻角状态下效率提升0.3%～0.5%,损失降低的位置主要集中在叶展中部压力侧边界层和根部的二次流区域。     

Comparison of aerodynamic characteristics between a novel highly loaded injected blade with curvature induced pressure-recovery concept and one with conventional design

This paper introduces a novel design method of highly loaded compressor blades with air injection.CFD methods were firstly validated with existing data and then used to develop and investigate the new method based on a compressor cascade.A compressor blade is designed with a curvature induced pressure-recovery concept.A rapid drop of the local curvature on the blade suction surface results in a sudden increase in the local pressure,which is referred to as a curvature induced ‘Shock'.An injection slot downstream from the ‘Shock' is used to prevent ‘Shock' induced separation,thus reducing the loss.As a result,the compressor blade achieves high loading with acceptable loss.First,the design concept based on a 2D compressor blade profile is introduced.Then,a 3D cascade model is investigated with uniform air injection along the span.The effects of the incidence are also investigated on emphasis in the current study.The mid-span flow field of the 3D injected cascade shows excellent agreement with the 2D designed flow field.For the highly loaded cascade without injection,the flow separates immediately downstream from the ‘Shock';the initial location of separation shows little change in a large incidence range.Thus air injection with the same injection configuration effectively removes the flow separation downstream from the curvature induced ‘Shock' and reduces the size of the separation zone at different incidences.Near the endwall,the flow within the incoming passage vortex mixes with the injected flow.As a result,the size of the passage vortex reduces significantly downstream from the injection slot.After air injection,the loss coefficient along spanwise reduces significantly and the flow turning angle increases.     

规避时段选择与机动变轨研究

按照空间碎片减缓指南的要求, 当两个空间物体发生碰撞前需要进行规避操作. 本文对规避中涉及到的速度增量与轨道变化的关系进行了分析, 探讨了一些具体的机动变轨方法, 同时还就测站的观测时段问题作了研究, 为碎片预警和航天器的规避提供了有力的支持.      

卫星自主导航系统存在常值偏差的滤波方法研究

由于敏感器常值偏差对导航精度影响较大,因此有必要对其进行标定。考虑到传统常偏扩维算法计算量大,且可能出现数值病态的问题,提出了两步UKF算法,该算法对状态和偏差实施分离估计,从而达到解耦目的。不仅能够准确标定常值偏差,而且还可以提高导航精度。近地卫星自主导航系统仿真结果验证了该算法的有效性。     

一种涡卷弹簧分离螺母装置设计及仿真分析

航天器的连接与分离技术是航天运输系统中的关键技术,连接分离装置作为该技术领域的关键装置,一直是航天领域的重要研究内容。针对航天器连接与分离的要求,提出一种涡卷弹簧非火工分离螺母装置,并对装置进行结构设计。涡卷弹簧是装置的关键部分,直接影响涡卷弹簧分离螺母装置的承载和工作特性。对涡卷弹簧的张力和扭矩特性进行分析,并通过仿真分析研究涡卷弹簧分离螺母装置的工作特性。     

基于弹道的制导工具系统误差非线性分离方法

给出了在弹道参数上直接解算的制导工具系统误差分离非线性模型。在外测系统误差相同的情况下,与基于弹道参数的线性模型比较,理论证明和仿真算例均表明该方法分离精度得到提高,可满足工程要求。     

针对叶轮机流场分析的不同Spalart-Allmaras湍流模型评价

Spalart-Allmaras（SA）湍流模型在Reynolds-Average Navier-Stokes（RANS）方程求解中得到了广泛的应用。针对叶轮机数值模拟,国内外学者提出了很多修正的SA模型,但它们之间的对比少有研究。为此,综述了原始的SA（SA-standard）,SA-neg,SA-Helicity,SA-Ning及SA-R五种不同SA湍流模型。针对NASA Rotor 67和NASA Rotor 37,考察这五种湍流模型对数值计算稳定性的影响及对叶轮机内部流动细节捕捉的能力。研究表明：SA-standard和SA-neg湍流模型计算结果几乎相同;相比于SA-standard湍流模型,SA-Ning湍流模型计算的压比、效率和堵塞流量均较大;SA-R湍流模型模拟的激波/边界层干涉更严重,分离区域更大,计算的压比小,模型修正效果不理想;SA-Helicity湍流模型不仅能极大地提高计算的压比和流量范围,而且能提高计算的稳定性和失速工况下的计算准确性,但计算的堵塞流量和效率较小。     

Separation control on NACA23012 using synthetic jet

A numerical study of separation control has been made to investigate aerodynamic characteristics of NACA23012 airfoil with synthetic jets. Computed results demonstrated that stall characteristics and control surface performance could be substantially improved by resizing separation vortices. The maximum lift was obtained when the separation point coincides with the synthetic jet location and the non-dimensional frequency is about 1. In addition, separation control effect was proportional to the peak velocity of the synthetic jet. It was observed that the actual flow control mechanism and flow structure is fundamentally different depending on the range of synthetic jet frequency. For low frequency range, small vortices due to synthetic jet penetrated to the large leading edge separation vortex, and as a result, the size of the leading edge vortex was remarkably reduced. For high frequency range, however, small vortex did not grow up enough to penetrate into the leading edge separation vortex. Instead, synthetic jet firmly attached the local flow and influenced the circulation of the virtual airfoil shape which is the combined shape of the main airfoil with the separation vortex. As a way to reduce the jet peak velocity, performance of a multi-array synthetic jet was investigated. Moreover, a high frequency multi-location synthetic jet was exploited to efficiently eliminate the unstable flow structure which was observed in low frequency range. Finally, by changing the phase angle in multi-location synthetic jets, highly controlled flow characteristics could be obtained with multi-array/multi-location synthetic jets. This shows efficiency of the current approach in separation control using synthetic jet.