ISO Observations of Pre-Stellar Cores and Young Stellar Objects

We summarize the observations of the Infrared Space Observatory (ISO) concerning the earliest stages of the stellar formation. The observations of samples of sources in different evolutionary stages are reviewed, addressing in particular how the physical and chemical properties of the protostellar environments change from the pre-stellar cores to the protostars at the end of their accretion phase. In addition, the mid-IR surveys in nearby star-forming regions are discussed, showing their implications for the understanding of the stellar initial mass function. Based on observations with ISO, an ESA project with instruments funded by ESA Member States (especially the PI countries: France, Germany, The Netherlands, and the United Kingdom), and with the participation of ISAS and NASA.     

Real-time coseismic wave retrieving by integrated Kalman filter with observations of GPS,Glonass and strong-motion sensor

A method of real-time coseismic wave retrieving was proposed based on the tight integration of GPS, Glonass and strong-motion sensor observations, the validation and precision analysis have been made by an experimental data. The series of results have been shown that: by the integrated Kalman filter and multi-sensors, the coseismic waves can be optimally recovered by complement the advantages of each other, especially when the observation conditions are very bad. In additional, the results are not significantly effected by different receiver clock error processes for the integration solution.     

Deriving remote sensing reflectance from turbid Case II waters using green-shortwave infrared bands based model

The objectives of this study are to validate the applicability of a shortwave infrared atmospheric correction model (SWIR-based model) in deriving remote sensing reflectance in turbid Case II waters, and to improve that model using a proposed green-shortwave infrared model (GSWIR-based model). In a GSWIR-based model, the aerosol type is determined by a SWIR-based model and the reflectance due to aerosol scattering is calculated using spectral slope technology. In this study, field measurements collected from three independent cruises from two different Case II waters were used to compare models. The results indicate that both SWIR- and GSWIR-based models can be used to derive the remote sensing reflectance at visible wavelengths in turbid Case II waters, but GSWIR-based models are superior to SWIR-based models. Using the GSWIR-based model decreases uncertainty in remote sensing reflectance retrievals in turbid Case II waters by 2.6–12.1%. In addition, GSWIR-based model’s sensitivity to user-supplied parameters was determined using the numerical method, which indicated that the GSWIR-based model is more sensitive to the uncertainty of spectral slope technology than to that of aerosol type retrieval methodology. Due to much lower noise tolerance of GSWIR-based model in the blue and near-infrared regions, the GSWIR-based model performs poorly in determining remote sensing reflectance at these wavelengths, which is consistent with the GSWIR-based model’s accuracy evaluation results.     

变截面悬臂梁结构动载荷辨识方法

在航空航天领域，作用在结构上动载荷的确定对结构健康监测是非常必要和重要的。为此，本文以类似机翼结构的变截面悬臂梁结构为研究对象，提出了一种基于光纤光栅传感器与卡尔曼滤波器的动载荷识别方法。首先，根据变截面梁单元形式，推导出变截面梁的质量矩阵与刚度矩阵，建立动力学运动方程。然后，以光纤光栅传感器测得的应变信息作为观测信号，通过卡尔曼滤波器生成的增益矩阵、新息序列矩阵以及协方差矩阵，得到灵敏度矩阵和估计力的增益矩阵。在此基础上，利用广义回归模型及其最小二乘算法，估算出动载荷大小、判断出动载荷激励位置。借助数值仿真与实验手段，分别验证了该方法对于单点正弦激励、方波激励、锯齿波激励以及多点同时激励等工况下的动载荷识别效果。结果表明，本文所提算法具有较好的动载荷识别效果和噪声抑制能力，能够为未来风洞试验和真实飞行试验环境中诸如大展弦比机翼表面气动压力等载荷实时辨识、气动外形自适应控制以及结构健康监测提供技术支撑。     

基于可靠性分析的立方星网络维护架构优化

立方星编队或星座构成分布式空间传感器网络，可提高立方星执行复杂空间任务的能力。然而立方星易发生故障，其故障时间不确定性也导致了传感器网络性能的不稳定，这凸显了对立方星网络进行在轨维护的重要性。考虑立方星传感器网络的功能维持问题，描述了一种网络维护架构，通过定期发射、在轨备份立方星以及时更换故障立方星，从而提高网络对单星随机失效事件的快速响应与恢复能力。建立了该架构的运行成本模型，包括固定成本、储存成本和短缺成本。收集整理了真实的立方星寿命数据，并使用最大化拟合优度参数估计方法得到最优立方星寿命的随机模型。采用基于蒙特卡罗仿真的遗传算法优化备用立方星的补给时刻和补给数量，在备份成本与系统性能下降所带来的损失之间进行权衡，使得系统的综合收益最优。     

空气流速和自热效应对湿度传感器测量准确度的影响

通过对多种典型型号湿度传感器在不同空气流速条件下对同一相对湿度测量结果的变化的实验研究,得出了0～1.5 m/s流速范围内湿度传感器的示值随流速的变化趋势,即示值随流速增大而增大,总变化量最大达2%RH以上,且变化主要发生0.5 m/s以下的低流速情况下,同时传感器表面温度随流速增大而降低,两者变化趋势相互吻合。进一步分析表明,上述现象是湿度传感器的自热效应和空气与传感器之间的对流换热效应共同作用的结果,它给湿度传感器的测量结果带来新增不确定度。     

测点布局对航空发动机总压畸变指数的影响

为了阐明测点布局对航空发动机进气总压畸变测试结果的影响，利用旋转总压测量耙对5种畸变流场的稳态和动态总 压畸变成分进行了测试，计算了旋转总压测量耙位于不同位置时畸变流场的稳态周向总压畸变指数和动态总压畸变指数，分析了 不同测点布局下总压畸变指数计算结果的偏差。结果表明：测量耙/测点与畸变流场的相对周向位置对总压畸变指数计算结果的 准确性至关重要，对于所分析的5种畸变流场，增加测量耙/测点周向数目并不能使总压畸变指数计算结果的偏差单调减小，但可 降低其对测量耙/测点周向位置的敏感度。基于畸变区域周向分布设计稳态总压畸变测量耙的周向位置，组合使用不同相对半径 处测点对动态总压畸变进行监测，可提高总压畸变指数计算结果的准确性。     

ENGINE SENSOR FAULT DIAGNOSIS USING MAIN AND DECENTRALIZED NEURAL NET WORKS

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考虑高度参数的摆动式红外地球敏感器模型研究

本文考察了摆动式红外地球敏感器测量的工作原理,在介绍敏感器两种数学模型—圆盘模型和三维模型的基础上,增加卫星轨道高度参数为变量,讨论了在不同轨道高度下,敏感器数学模型的变化.利用小角度条件下的一阶近似处理,对敏感器模型所关心的弦宽与姿态角转换关系给出了解答.通过进行带有高度参数的修正,把敏感器的圆盘模型和三维模型推广到了其他轨道高度下.     

易燃毒性气体检测电路设计

从TGS813气敏传感器灵敏度特性出发，给出了采用该传感器检测易燃毒性气体，消除传感器离散性、非线性影响的检测电路设计方法。