卫星氢镍蓄电池电解液在轨回流特性仿真

氢镍蓄电池电解液在轨流动特性是影响其工作性能和使用寿命的重要因素,对蓄电池设计与优化具有重要意义。针对高轨通信卫星使用的80Ah氢镍蓄电池,建立了电解液流动运动的三维仿真模型,采用计算流体动力学（CFD）数值仿真方法,对氢镍蓄电池单体内的电解液在轨微重力条件下的流动特性和分布特点进行了仿真研究。通过对比分析不同边界条件下的仿真结果,提出了在蓄电池极堆与壳体两端之间增加电解液流动路径可以提高电解液回流速度,并改进卫星氢镍蓄电池在轨工作性能,研究结果可为卫星蓄电池和电源系统设计提供参考。     

航星座自主运行平行系统的轨道计算方法

构建一个能够与实际卫星导航系统长期保持时空一致的平行系统,可为导航星座自主运行提供一个监视与评估平台。针对建设该平行系统所需的高逼真轨道计算问题,引入平行系统理论的思想,在分析历史精密轨道的基础上,提出高精度轨道计算与预报方法。该方法以不断更新的精密轨道作为输入,利用PID增量式算法或时变加权法进行数据平滑,使得轨道计算结果始终与实际系统保持高度一致性。试验结果表明,该方法可使卫星轨道计算的结果与实际卫星轨道长期保持在分米量级。     

一种用于探测器地外天体起飞试验的位姿及运动模拟装置

为了实现地外天体的表面详尽勘测,探测器需进行着陆、采样、返回等活动。为确保采样返回任务的成功,探测器在研制中需进行各种空间环境模拟试验评价。针对探测器返回起飞过程中的环境模拟试验,文章提出了采用六自由度Stewart平台作为位姿及运动模拟装置。该装置有静态和动态位姿调整两个基本功能,其中静态位姿调整用来模拟不平的地形对探测器的返回模块返回起飞的影响,动态位姿调整用来模拟返回模块与着陆模块之间的相对运动。位姿及运动模拟装置的控制为上位机+下位机工作模式,由上位机设置模拟装置的运动参数,并将运动参数传输到下位机进行控制。经过模拟试验测试证明,该装置能够满足探测器返回起飞的位姿及运动的模拟试验要求。     

A balloon-borne very long baseline interferometry experiment in the stratosphere: Systems design and developments

The balloon-borne very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) experiment is a technical feasibility study for performing radio interferometry in the stratosphere. The flight model has been developed. A balloon-borne VLBI station will be launched to establish interferometric fringes with ground-based VLBI stations distributed over the Japanese islands at an observing frequency of approximately 20?GHz as the first step. This paper describes the system design and development of a series of observing instruments and bus systems. In addition to the advantages of avoiding the atmospheric effects of absorption and fluctuation in high frequency radio observation, the mobility of a station can improve the sampling coverage (“uv-coverage”) by increasing the number of baselines by the number of ground-based counterparts for each observation day. This benefit cannot be obtained with conventional arrays that solely comprise ground-based stations. The balloon-borne VLBI can contribute to a future progress of research fields such as black holes by direct imaging.     

组合体机动中可变形桁架运动规划研究

目前对空间组合体中可变形桁架（VariableGeometryTruss,VGT）运动规划问题的研究集中在各级均为单自由度或离散二状态等简单结构的情形,未解决所有可调长度杆都能够自由运动的复杂结构运动规划问题。文章根据组合体的几何关系,建立了递推位姿运动学模型,再由自由漂浮系统动量守恒,建立了微分运动学模型。给出了单级VGT变化序列与运动时间分开设计的两步运动规划方法,并在优化目标中加入能量项,给出了多级冗余VGT的运动规划方法。最后通过仿真验证了算法的有效性,在算例中优化指标为J=0.8798,该方法对以VGT作为空间操作机构的组合体研究具有一定工程指导意义。     

北斗首颗备份卫星性能初步分析

主要从卫星钟差预报、轨道测定精度、伪距波动情况等角度分析了I6卫星与北斗卫星导航系统（BDS）其他现役倾斜地球同步轨道（IGSO）卫星的异同,并从位置精度因子（PDOP）和格网可用性评估了I6卫星入网对BDS的贡献。利用星地双向时频传递设备观测的星地钟差数据,评估了I6卫星星载原子钟的预报性能,结果表明,I6卫星发播的卫星钟参数外推5h预报误差的均方根误差（RMS）为232ns,外推1h预报误差的RMS为073ns,与现役IGSO卫星钟差预报水平相当;对多星联合精密定轨结果分析表明,与北斗现役I3卫星相比,姿态控制方式优化后的I6卫星在地影期间的轨道精度并未发生明显衰减,克服了现有北斗二号卫星在地影期间轨道精度下降,从而影响北斗服务的连续性、可用性问题;利用大口径抛物面天线采集到的数据对I6卫星的伪距波动进行了分析,结果表明I6卫星单个观测弧段内其伪距波动峰峰差约为1m,与其他IGSO卫星一致;进行PDOP仿真计算,结果表明I6卫星的加入使得喀什地区的PDOP最大值由1282下降为726,PDOP大于6的时段所占百分比由2911%下降为1721%;对格网电离层产品实施解算,结果表明I6卫星的加入使得6个电离层格网点的可用度提升至95%以上。     

小天体表面移动技术研究进展

基于已实施的小天体探测任务和未来小天体表面移动探测技术的发展趋势,阐述了小天体表面移动技术研究现状。根据小天体的特殊动力学环境和任务需求,总结了小天体表面移动技术的主要问题;归纳分析了包括小天体引力场建模与表面运动特性分析、小天体表面弹跳技术以及弱引力环境下的导航与制导技术在内的小天体表面移动关键技术,并介绍了这些关键技术的研究进展;对上述关键技术的未来研究热点和发展趋势进行了展望。     

Multipath mitigation method based on Gaussian mixture model in RF relative measurement

Radio Frequency (RF) technology represents a high-precision relative navigation solution that has significant potential for application to earth-orbiting satellites. In precision applications, multipath errors dominate the total error because observables, which are used to estimate carrier-phase integer ambiguity, are not always subject to a Gaussian distribution when dual-frequency ambiguity estimation methods are used in the presence of multipath. As it has been shown that ranging observables obey a Gaussian mixture distribution, this study proposes improvements to the accuracy of estimation based on multipath mitigation founded on the Gaussian mixture model. To this end, such a model is created for integer ambiguity resolution in the presence of multipath, using which the theoretical error in dual-frequency ambiguity estimation is derived. Expectation Maximization (EM), which aids dual-frequency ambiguity estimation, is subsequently proposed to reduce the effect of multipath errors. Finally, two experimental scenarios are implemented to test the performance of the proposed method. The results show that EM-aided dual-frequency ambiguity estimation reduces the range error to approximately 20% in comparison with simple dual-frequency ambiguity estimation. Therefore the proposed technique is effective for multipath mitigation in RF relative measurement.