The PRISMA payload optomechanical design, a high performance instrument for a new hyperspectral mission

PRISMA (PRecursore IperSpettrale della Missione Applicativa) hyperspectral instrument is an advanced hyperspectral sensor including a panchromatic camera at medium resolution. The instrument is the focus of the new Earth observation mission that a consortium of Italian companies has started developing under contract of Italian Space Agency. Key features of the instrument are the very high requirement for signal-to-noise and the high quality of data that have to be provided. To meet these demanding figures the optical system has been based on a high transmittance optical system, including a single mirror telescope and two prism spectrometers based on an innovative concept to minimize number of optical elements, while high performance detectors have been chosen for the photon detection. To provide the required data quality for the entire mission lifetime an accurate calibration unit (radiometric and spectral) will be included in the instrument optomechanical assembly. The thermo-mechanical design of the instrument is based on innovative concepts, considering that the use of prism spectrometers implies a tight control of temperature variations to guarantee the stability of all instrument features once in orbit. The presented paper describes the concepts and design principle of the optomechanical assembly of the instrument, at the present status of development.     

星载红外相机相对定标算法研究

文章针对红外相机双面镜旋转多元并扫成像方式的特点,对其相对定标算法进行了研究。首先分析了探元A／B面响应差异,然后介绍了算法原理,采用不同的定标算法获得了定标校正系数,并对定标数据和在轨图像进行了相对辐射校正,验证了算法的正确性和结果的有效性,最后在定标系数校正的基础上,进一步改进了像质。     

一种统计意义下最优接近轨道快速搜索算法

设计空间监视卫星时,需要分析设计卫星与大量被监视空间飞行器的接近能力。通过具体仿真实例提出了一种基于摄动模型的快速最优接近轨道搜索方法,可以大大提高仿真速度,仿真结果证实了该方法的有效性,统计参数通过了精确模型的确认,也验证了算法的可信性。     

基于双观测器的卫星姿控系统敏感器故障隔离

卫星的姿态测量部件通常包括光学敏感器和惯性敏感器,这两类敏感器的故障隔离是卫星闭环姿控系统故障诊断的难点之一。利用双观测器方法实现两类敏感器的故障隔离,由卫星姿态运动学方程可知,这两类敏感器的输出存在解析冗余,可建立一个"虚拟"系统。对这个系统设计两个不同的观测器,其中一个是Kalman滤波器,能检测两类敏感器的故障;另一个是隔离观测器,能检测光学敏感器的故障,通过比较这两个观测器的输出残差,达到故障隔离的目的。将该方法应用于包含太阳敏感器、红外地球敏感器和陀螺的卫星姿控系统的故障诊断,数学仿真结果验证了这种方法的有效性。     

挠性卫星姿态快速机动控制

挠性卫星在快速机动中既要满足快速性要求, 又要抑制挠性附件产生的振动。文章提出了一种基于非约束模态方程的方波序列控制方法, 并给出了最小机动时间的方波规划方法。该方法不仅保证机动后无余振, 而且满足最快机动的要求; 此外, 由于控制输出为方波, 因而适合卫星的喷气推力器控制模式和飞轮控制模式, 最后通过数字仿真验证了方波序列控制的有效性。     

卫星地面站系统任务调度的动态规划方法

卫星及其应用系统任务调度问题是空间资源管理的重要内容之一, 文章针对单天线地面站系统任务调度问题, 在可视时间窗口的约束条件下, 考虑任务权重和地面站天线转换时间, 以最大化完成任务权重之和为目标, 建立了调度模型; 提出了基于动态规划的模型求解算法; 并给出了示例, 验证模型和算法。     

星座设计中的安全性问题研究

如何避免星座中卫星之间发生碰撞是星座安全性设计需要考虑的重要问题,给出了预测星座中卫星发生碰撞的一种方法,提出保证星座安全性需要考虑的三个问题并研究了如何避免星座中工作卫星、备份卫星和寿命终止卫星与工作卫星发生碰撞的措施。     

Status of the T2L2/Jason2 Experiment

The T2L2 (Time Transfer by Laser Link) project, developed by CNES and OCA will permit the synchronization of remote ultra stable clocks and the determination of their performances over intercontinental distances. The principle of the experiment derives from Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) technology with dedicated space equipment. T2L2 was accepted in 2005 to be on board the Jason2 altimetry satellite. The payload consists of both event timer and photo detection modules. The system uses the ultra-stable quartz oscillator of DORIS as on-board reference clock on one hand, and the Laser Reflector Array, making T2L2 a real two-way time transfer system on the other hand. The expected time stability of the T2L2 instrument (detection and timing), referenced by the DORIS oscillator and including all internal error sources should be at the level of 10–12 ps at 1 s and <1 ps at 1000 s. The metrological specifications of T2L2 should permit to maintain a precision of 1 to a few ps when measuring the phase of a clock during around 1000 seconds.     

VSAT卫星数据收集系统及其在水利自动化工程中的应用

VSAT 卫星通信系统是80年代初发展起来的一种灵活方便的通信系统。文章介绍了一种VSAT 卫星数据收集系统的组成,主要技术特点以及卫星链路参数的计算。最后介绍了该系统在我国首次应用于水利自动化工程的情况。     

全球个人卫星移动通信系统

全球个人通信系统（ＰＣＳ）是一个发展中的新概念。１９９０年初开始提出利用静止轨道以外的其他轨道通信卫星的设想,最好是利用低轨道（ＬＥＯ）卫星。使用低轨道卫星就像把地面蜂窝网搬到天上,并能提供与之相仿的业务。文章评价了利用移动的和个人终端的通信卫星网;给出了未来低轨道卫星网的前景;对其中一些有关问题作了归纳。同时,描述了个人通信系统的功能性构成,并对一些网络的主要技术参数作表比较。