Recent advances in observing mesoscale ocean dynamics with satellite altimetry

The paper provides a review of recent results on mesoscale ocean dynamics derived from satellite altimetry. Since 1992, we have had an unprecedented 18 year high-resolution monitoring of the ocean mesoscale field. Altimetry is often used in mesoscale studies in synergy with other remote sensing techniques and in situ data. This global, high-resolution data set has allowed oceanographers to quantify the previously unknown seasonal and interannual variations in eddy kinetic energy and eddy heat and salt transports, and investigate their causes. Eddy tracking techniques have allowed us to monitor their propagation pathways, to bring to light the meridional divergence of cyclones and anticyclones, and to question the role of Rossby waves versus non-linear eddies in the mid to high latitude bands. Altimetry has also revealed the presence of zonal fronts and jets everywhere in the ocean, and brought to light how mesoscale eddies can impact back onto the atmospheric circulation. Finally, altimetry, in synergy with other observations and high-resolution numerical models, has helped reveal the complexity of the sub-mesoscale features, associated with stirring and mixing around the mesoscale eddies, of great importance for the vertical exchange of oceanic tracers. Altimetry has revealed the complexity of the mesoscale system… the scientific community is now working to understand the interplay between these mesoscale eddies, the ocean interior and its impact on the overlying atmosphere.     

卫星双向时间频率传递校准技术综述

卫星双向时间频率传递技术是高精度时间频率远程比对的基本手段,其时间比对A类标准不确定度优于0.1ns,B类标准不确定度主要取决于系统的校准。本文简述了卫星双向时间频率传递的基本理论,着重说明各种卫星双向时间频率传递系统校准方法和硬件实现,对各种校准技术进行评述和比较,总结并展望了校准技术发展的方向。     

卫星测控天线日照温度场极端工况预测方法

针对卫星测控天线日照温度场产生的热变形影响天线电性能问题,提出了一种预测天线极端温度工况的方法.该方法将太阳照射参数与天线面板方程有效结合起来,求得天线面板的太阳直射点运动轨迹,从而确定天线姿态参数.在Ⅰ-DEAS中建立该姿态的模型,同时引入环境因素的影响,进行瞬态仿真分析,预测天线的极端温度工况.通过试验天线,验证理论计算太阳直射点运动轨迹与极端温度预测方法的正确性.     

一种高动态环境下卫星扩频信号的快速捕获方法研究

现代卫星导航及测控应用对接收机在高动态环境下实现测量通信提出了迫切需求。为了解决大多普勒频偏扩频信号的快速捕获问题,提出了一种在频域并行搜索码相位及多普勒频偏的双频域快速捕获方法。采用双块补零算法将长的相关积分操作分割为多个短的相关积分操作,然后采用快速傅里叶变换进行圆周相关,大大节约了处理时间,利用频域圆周移位与时域载波剥离等价的原理,大幅提高了频率搜索效率。与时域相关算法和单频域计算方法相比,在捕获灵敏度不变的条件下,该方法将计算量减少90%,显著提高了运算速度,适合高动态环境下扩频信号的快速捕获。该方案应用于星载接收机平台FPGA实现,测试结果表明该方案可以在0.1s内完成±500kHz频偏下扩频信号捕获。     

Time synchronization of new-generation BDS satellites using inter-satellite link measurements

Autonomous satellite navigation is based on the ability of a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), such as Beidou, to estimate orbits and clock parameters onboard satellites using Inter-Satellite Link (ISL) measurements instead of tracking data from a ground monitoring network. This paper focuses on the time synchronization of new-generation Beidou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) satellites equipped with an ISL payload. Two modes of Ka-band ISL measurements, Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) mode and the continuous link mode, were used onboard these BDS satellites. Using a mathematical formulation for each measurement mode along with a derivation of the satellite clock offsets, geometric ranges from the dual one-way measurements were introduced. Then, pseudoranges and clock offsets were evaluated for the new-generation BDS satellites. The evaluation shows that the ranging accuracies of TDMA ISL and the continuous link are approximately 4?cm and 1?cm (root mean square, RMS), respectively. Both lead to ISL clock offset residuals of less than 0.3?ns (RMS). For further validation, time synchronization between these satellites to a ground control station keeping the systematic time in BDT was conducted using L-band Two-way Satellite Time Frequency Transfer (TWSTFT). System errors in the ISL measurements were calibrated by comparing the derived clock offsets with the TWSTFT. The standard deviations of the estimated ISL system errors are less than 0.3?ns, and the calibrated ISL clock parameters are consistent with that of the L-band TWSTFT. For the regional BDS network, the addition of ISL measurements for medium orbit (MEO) BDS satellites increased the clock tracking coverage by more than 40% for each orbital revolution. As a result, the clock predicting error for the satellite M1S was improved from 3.59 to 0.86?ns (RMS), and the predicting error of the satellite M2S was improved from 1.94 to 0.57?ns (RMS), which is a significant improvement by a factor of 3–4.     

卫星热控电压测量模块研制

卫星热控电压测量是保障卫星可靠性、安全性的重要环节。由于测量的特殊性,要求研制与整星热控系统相适合的电压测试模块。采用信号隔离、输入保护等措施保证测量的安全性;采用较高分辨力数据采集及量化技术、以及自校准技术保证测量的可靠性。通过微处理器控制测量过程,LAN接口实现计算机数据传输和通信控制,提高了测量效率。     

GSO卫星先进推进系统的现状与发展

简要介绍优化地球同步轨道（ＧＳＯ）卫星推进系统的重要性,重点分析ＧＳＯ卫星推进系统的主要功能、应用现状和发展前景,最后提出发展我国ＧＳＯ卫星推进系统的建议。     

基于主星带伴随小卫星编队系统的AT-INSAR研究

针对主星带伴随小卫星编队雷达系统的特点和AT INSAR的基本原理,本文对主星带伴随小卫星编队雷达系统执行AT INSAR任务进行了比较全面的分析。本文建立了主星带伴随小卫星编队雷达系统AT INSAR模型。基于这个模型分析了临界基线、测速精度,以及动目标检测等性能。最后,对一个L波段的主星带伴随小卫星编队系统完成AT INSAR任务进行了仿真。结果表明,测速精度对于编队小卫星的基线测量精度要求相对较高,而且检测地面慢速运动目标是可行的。     

低轨星座系统中呼叫优先级策略研究及仿真

针对低轨星座系统中话音业务的新呼叫和切换呼叫服务优先级设定问题,以呼叫完成 率为衡量指标,理论分析切换呼叫与新呼叫的比例对呼叫完成率的影响,提出一种动态分配 保护信道策略。该策略根据小区中切换呼叫和新呼叫的比例改变新呼叫使用保护信道的概 率,从而调整切换呼叫和新呼叫的服务优先级。仿真结果表明在强制中断概率允许的范围内 可以达到更好的呼叫完成率。
     

X射线脉冲星导航中钟差的可观测性问题

标准X射线脉冲星导航(XNAV)能够求解航天器的位置信息,但航天器钟差会导致XNAV的结果产生误差.鉴于脉冲星周期的稳定性,在利用XNAV进行轨道估计中,将钟差作为状态变量进行估计的授时方案已被相关学者提出.一种针对卫星轨道修正专门设计的可观测性分析工具在文中给出,利用其能够有效地判断各个状态的可观测性情况.利用该方法分析将钟差作为状态变量的导航方案,其结果表明仅需2颗脉冲星就可以对全部轨道六根数,以及卫星钟差进行观测;仿真结果验证了可观测性分析结论,双脉冲星导航时系统可以达到60m的定位精度和60ns的授时精度.对比仿真同时揭示了该方案能够有效地抑制钟差对导航精度的影响,将由于钟差引起的定位误差减小20倍以上.理论分析与仿真表明,将钟差作为状态变量的导航方案是一种能够有效地估计钟差,并抑制钟差影响、提升系统估计精度的导航方案.