Spin parameters of nanosatellite BLITS determined from Graz 2 kHz SLR data

The nanosatellite BLITS (Ball Lens In The Space) is the first object designed as a passive, spherical retroreflector of the Luneburg type, dedicated for Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR). The 2 kHz SLR station Graz measures spin parameters of this satellite, providing information about the rotational dynamics of the body. The measurements obtained during the period from September 26, 2009 to November 24, 2010 show a significant change of the spin configuration. The spin axis was dynamically precessing since the launch and currently is sinus-like behaving between coordinates RA 120°…150°, Dec 30°…60° (J2000 inertial reference frame). The angle between the symmetry axis and the spin axis of BLITS is not constant, but is decreasing since the launch, while its spin period is rather stable with a mean value of 5.613 s (clockwise rotation). The satellite was dynamically changing its attitude during the first three months after deployment; after this time the spin parameters are relatively stable.     

Economic effect of satellite communications based on the Great East Japan Earthquake

On 11 March 2011, an undersea earthquake of magnitude 9.0, the largest ever recorded in Japan, occurred off the Oshika Peninsula on the Pacific coast of the Tohoku region. The hypocentral region extended for 500 km in the north–south direction from Iwate Prefecture to Ibaraki Prefecture, and for 200 km in east–west direction. The earthquake generated a tsunami with a height of more than 10 m and a run-up height of up to 40.0 m in certain places, which inflicted devastating damage on the coastal areas of the Tohoku and Kanto regions. In addition to the tsunami, the earthquake caused shaking, liquefaction, subsidence, and the collapse of dams, causing major damage to vast areas in the Tohoku and Kanto regions and disrupting various types of infrastructure, including communication. In light of this unprecedented damage, satellite communications were important from various perspectives while terrestrial communications systems were damaged, and an objective evaluation of the role played by satellite communications is relevant to its future installation, adoption and use as a standalone or backup system. Furthermore, satellite communications can help reduce the extent of damage, particularly damage to communications systems, inflicted by strong earthquakes in the future. Accordingly, we report a preliminary quantitative evaluation of the role of satellite communications in the Great East Japan Earthquake, of the role of satellite communications if it becomes widespread, and of its expected role in future large-scale earthquakes in terms of the economic effect converted into cost.     

Optimal satellite formation reconfiguration actuated by inter-satellite electromagnetic forces

The inter-satellite electromagnetic forces generated by the magnetic dipoles on neighboring satellites provide an attractive control actuation alternative for satellite formation flight due to the prominent advantages of no propellant consumption or plume contamination. However, the internal force nature as well as the inherent high nonlinearity and coupling of electromagnetic forces bring unique dynamic characteristics and challenges. This paper investigates the nonlinear translational dynamics, trajectory planning and control of formation reconfiguration actuated by inter-satellite electromagnetic forces. The nonlinear translational dynamic model is derived by utilizing analytical mechanics theory; and analysis on the dynamic characteristics is put forward. Optimal reconfiguration trajectories of electromagnetic force actuated formation are studied by applying optimal control theory and the Gauss pseudospectral method. Considering the high nonlinearity and uncertainty in the dynamic model, an inner-and-outer loop combined control strategy based on feedback linearization theory and adaptive terminal sliding mode control is proposed with finite-time convergence capability and good robust performance. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulation results are presented to validate the feasibility of the proposed translational model, reconfiguration trajectory optimization approach and control strategy.     

具有星上处理能力的点波束同步卫星网络中的TCP拥塞控制

如何提高同步卫星网络中的TCP业务传输效率,一直是卫星网络中的重要问题,针对星地链路的长延时、突发误码等问题提出很多方案,但大都是要对TCP终端进行改进,存在扩展性方面的问题。针对具有星上处理能力的点波束同步卫星网络下的TCP业务传输,从提高系统总吞吐量的角度,提出一种只需要在星上处理器和地面接入网关中进行相应修改的拥塞控制机制,该机制对TCP业务终端的行为没有任何限定,且具有很好的兼容性和可扩展性。系统仿真证明了该机制能够显著地提高GEO卫星系统的性能。     

CM-SAF surface radiation budget: First results with AVHRR data

In the phase of redefinition of the EUMETSAT ground segment seven so called Satellite Application Facilities (SAF) each of them serving dedicated user groups have been established in Europe. The SAF on climate monitoring (CM-SAF) will deliver a comprehensive set of climate variables, including from different cloud products, radiation budget at the top of the atmosphere, surface radiation budget and tropospheric humidity. A consistent dataset of cloud and radiation products in a high spatial resolution on a uniform grid is derived. The CM-SAF is a joint project of the German Meteorological Service, EUMETSAT and five other European Meteorological Services. It is dedicated to produce climate datasets using data from instruments onboard of METEOSAT Second Generation and polar orbiting satellites NOAA and METOP. After the development phase, the CM-SAF has started its initial operational phase in the end of 2003. In this context, the algorithms have been implemented at the processing centres and the processing of satellite data from the polar orbiting satellites of NOAA has commenced. This paper gives an overview of the first products of surface radiative fluxes and their validation with selected surface sites.     

卫星总体设计部分指标最优分配的一种模型

卫星总体指标合理分配是卫星总体设计的一项重要内容。采用非线性优化方法和卫星总体参数优化中的多目标多学科优化设计方法对卫星总体设计的指标进行了最优分配。结果有效所建的优化模型和所采用的非线性优化方法和多目标多学科优化方法是可行有效的。     

太阳同步轨道卫星交点地方时漂移估算方法研究

根据我国第一代极轨气象卫星“风云一号”C(FY-1C)星轨道实际观测值，分析了太阳_同步轨道卫星轨道漂移的一般规律，提出了一种简便有效的卫星交点地方时漂移估算方法，并用FY-1C星实际的交点地方时漂移量，对该方法进行了分析和改进。     

卫星通信中的星上交换技术

卫星通信网络发展交换功能是为了适应大容量信息传输的要求。本文介绍了两种应用于卫星通信中的交换技术：卫星异步传输模式(ATM)交换和卫星交换/码分多址(SS／CDMA)。它们各具特色，前者将成熟的ATM交换技术引进卫星交换；而后者是一种新兴的交换概念，为具有交换功能的卫星的最终实用化提供了理论基础。     

Design and experiments of an active isolator for satellite micro-vibration

In this paper, a soft active isolator（SAI） derived from a voice coil motor is studied to determine its abilities as a micro-vibration isolation device for sensitive satellite payloads. Firstly,the two most important parts of the SAI, the mechanical unit and the low-noise driver, are designed and manufactured. Then, a rigid-flexible coupling dynamic model of the SAI is built, and a dynamic analysis is conducted. Furthermore, a controller with a sky-hook damper is designed. Finally,results from the performance tests of the mechanical/electronic parts and the isolation experiments are presented. The SAI attenuations are found to be more than 20 d B above 5 Hz, and the control effect is stable.     

靶场GNSS增强、监测与评估系统建设构想

针对靶场GNSS（全球导航卫星系统）增强、监测与评估的测量精度和可靠性保障、异常分析和电磁环境监测等复杂技术需求,明确了靶场GNSS增强、监测与评估的概念,分析了各类方法的特点,确定了以大范围基准站网为主干,采用广域差分增强和地面完好性通道监测满足提高测量精度和可靠性主要需求,采用车载信号监测和干扰监测一体化系统满足不同区域间发的异常分析和电磁环境监测需求的技术路线.设计了系统体系架构,重点分析了系统实时工作模式和数据处理流程,为系统建设提供了有益的参考.