地球静止轨道卫星撞击解体的数值模拟

分析了地球静止轨道（GE0）环内的物体现状,引入美国家航空航天局（NASA）的标准解体模型,给出了卫星撞击解体算法,编写了数值仿真软件,仿真研究了GEO卫星撞击解体形成碎片的特征及其轨道分布。结果表明：撞击会产生大量碎片,对空间环境造成长期的严重危害。研究结果对分析卫星撞击解体特性、保护空间环境有一定的参考价值。     

二次多项式拟合外方位元素卫星三线阵C CD影像平差

文章针对一景大小的卫星三线阵CCD影像,采用二次多项式拟合外方位元素模型,与国外的定向片法模型进行平差算法对比.对一景大小的模拟数据进行了试验,结果表明基于二次多项式拟合外方位元素模型的平差方法有效的提高了影像的平面精度与高程精度,与定向片法模型相比,该算法简单,结果同样满足1∶5万摄影测量的要求.     

多指标LMI鲁棒故障检测滤波器在卫星姿态控制系统中的应用

卫星在轨运行中,需要对其故障进行及时的检测,模型的不确定性使得如何在轨卫星的故障检测产生了很大的干扰。以往的方法是将故障、输入和干扰统一作为广义输入,通过H∞范数增益最小使得系统残差最大程度地接近于故障,然而这不能反映故障、输入和干扰三者的重要关系。为此需要研究三者到残差增益的多指标下,滤波器的参数设计方法。以推导从三者到残差的传递函数表达式为主要方法,以线性矩阵不等式为工具,把指标化为可求解模型,得到多指标下的故障检测滤波器设计方法。设计的滤波器应用于采用喷气执行机构的在轨卫星模型里,给出了滤波器的设计结果。从仿真的结果看,虽然三个增益无法满足同时远远小于1的条件,但通过自适应的阈值,可实现对在轨喷气执行器卫星的鲁棒故障检测。     

基于PXI总线的实时综合测试系统研究

为提高现有卫星测试系统的效率,对基于PXI总线的实时综合测试系统进行了研究。给出了测试系统的中央控制台、实时测试仿真单元和控制输出单元和辅助测试装置主要硬件构成,以及任务管理、实时测试仿真单元、控制输出单元和显示终端等软件组成。介绍了系统的工作原理,以及实时测控、多平台间实时数据共享交互等关键技术。结果表明,该系统从实时测试仿真单元信号采集至仿真运算结束的时间约1~10 ms。     

基于Kalman滤波器的卫星钟实时异常监测算法

基于卫星钟钟差的Kalman滤波器模型,提出了一种卫星钟实时异常监测算法,对算法原理进行了讨论,并利用IGS精密钟差数据,对算法进行了性能验证。结果表明：该算法对卫星钟的异常情况（包括单点相位跳变与连续相位跳变）可以进行有效监测,同时还可以完成异常数据的剔除与替换,并且具有较小的替换误差。该算法具有显著的实时性,可以应用于星载原子钟的实时异常监测中。     

Spin parameters of nanosatellite BLITS determined from Graz 2 kHz SLR data

The nanosatellite BLITS (Ball Lens In The Space) is the first object designed as a passive, spherical retroreflector of the Luneburg type, dedicated for Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR). The 2 kHz SLR station Graz measures spin parameters of this satellite, providing information about the rotational dynamics of the body. The measurements obtained during the period from September 26, 2009 to November 24, 2010 show a significant change of the spin configuration. The spin axis was dynamically precessing since the launch and currently is sinus-like behaving between coordinates RA 120°…150°, Dec 30°…60° (J2000 inertial reference frame). The angle between the symmetry axis and the spin axis of BLITS is not constant, but is decreasing since the launch, while its spin period is rather stable with a mean value of 5.613 s (clockwise rotation). The satellite was dynamically changing its attitude during the first three months after deployment; after this time the spin parameters are relatively stable.     

Economic effect of satellite communications based on the Great East Japan Earthquake

On 11 March 2011, an undersea earthquake of magnitude 9.0, the largest ever recorded in Japan, occurred off the Oshika Peninsula on the Pacific coast of the Tohoku region. The hypocentral region extended for 500 km in the north–south direction from Iwate Prefecture to Ibaraki Prefecture, and for 200 km in east–west direction. The earthquake generated a tsunami with a height of more than 10 m and a run-up height of up to 40.0 m in certain places, which inflicted devastating damage on the coastal areas of the Tohoku and Kanto regions. In addition to the tsunami, the earthquake caused shaking, liquefaction, subsidence, and the collapse of dams, causing major damage to vast areas in the Tohoku and Kanto regions and disrupting various types of infrastructure, including communication. In light of this unprecedented damage, satellite communications were important from various perspectives while terrestrial communications systems were damaged, and an objective evaluation of the role played by satellite communications is relevant to its future installation, adoption and use as a standalone or backup system. Furthermore, satellite communications can help reduce the extent of damage, particularly damage to communications systems, inflicted by strong earthquakes in the future. Accordingly, we report a preliminary quantitative evaluation of the role of satellite communications in the Great East Japan Earthquake, of the role of satellite communications if it becomes widespread, and of its expected role in future large-scale earthquakes in terms of the economic effect converted into cost.     

Optimal satellite formation reconfiguration actuated by inter-satellite electromagnetic forces

The inter-satellite electromagnetic forces generated by the magnetic dipoles on neighboring satellites provide an attractive control actuation alternative for satellite formation flight due to the prominent advantages of no propellant consumption or plume contamination. However, the internal force nature as well as the inherent high nonlinearity and coupling of electromagnetic forces bring unique dynamic characteristics and challenges. This paper investigates the nonlinear translational dynamics, trajectory planning and control of formation reconfiguration actuated by inter-satellite electromagnetic forces. The nonlinear translational dynamic model is derived by utilizing analytical mechanics theory; and analysis on the dynamic characteristics is put forward. Optimal reconfiguration trajectories of electromagnetic force actuated formation are studied by applying optimal control theory and the Gauss pseudospectral method. Considering the high nonlinearity and uncertainty in the dynamic model, an inner-and-outer loop combined control strategy based on feedback linearization theory and adaptive terminal sliding mode control is proposed with finite-time convergence capability and good robust performance. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulation results are presented to validate the feasibility of the proposed translational model, reconfiguration trajectory optimization approach and control strategy.     

具有星上处理能力的点波束同步卫星网络中的TCP拥塞控制

如何提高同步卫星网络中的TCP业务传输效率,一直是卫星网络中的重要问题,针对星地链路的长延时、突发误码等问题提出很多方案,但大都是要对TCP终端进行改进,存在扩展性方面的问题。针对具有星上处理能力的点波束同步卫星网络下的TCP业务传输,从提高系统总吞吐量的角度,提出一种只需要在星上处理器和地面接入网关中进行相应修改的拥塞控制机制,该机制对TCP业务终端的行为没有任何限定,且具有很好的兼容性和可扩展性。系统仿真证明了该机制能够显著地提高GEO卫星系统的性能。     

CM-SAF surface radiation budget: First results with AVHRR data

In the phase of redefinition of the EUMETSAT ground segment seven so called Satellite Application Facilities (SAF) each of them serving dedicated user groups have been established in Europe. The SAF on climate monitoring (CM-SAF) will deliver a comprehensive set of climate variables, including from different cloud products, radiation budget at the top of the atmosphere, surface radiation budget and tropospheric humidity. A consistent dataset of cloud and radiation products in a high spatial resolution on a uniform grid is derived. The CM-SAF is a joint project of the German Meteorological Service, EUMETSAT and five other European Meteorological Services. It is dedicated to produce climate datasets using data from instruments onboard of METEOSAT Second Generation and polar orbiting satellites NOAA and METOP. After the development phase, the CM-SAF has started its initial operational phase in the end of 2003. In this context, the algorithms have been implemented at the processing centres and the processing of satellite data from the polar orbiting satellites of NOAA has commenced. This paper gives an overview of the first products of surface radiative fluxes and their validation with selected surface sites.