运载火箭测控系统技术与发展

针对中国新一代运载火箭发射轨道多样、外部环境日益复杂、上行控制和空间环境安全要求逐步提高等发展特点,以及高码率、高覆盖、高精度的测控需求,研究了天基测控、多音组合编码安控、高效遥测和测控数传一体化等几种运载火箭测控新技术的应用前景;从工程的角度,提出了中国运载火箭测控系统发展思路和天地一体化的测控体系结构;并就测控系统资源配置与使用模式、新型测控体制和测控手段、遥测和安控频段等重点发展方向简述了作者的观点。     

卫星定位系统与飞行力学

概述了卫星定位系统的发展和应用，重点论述了它与飞行力学的关系，在ＧＰＳ卫星星座布置，地面站测控和用户应用中，飞行力学及其相关学科作为应用基础起到了重要的作用，成为卫星定位这门新兴交叉学科的一部分，最后提出了作为ＧＰＳ高级应用专题的飞行力学若干研究课题。     

一种基于NOMA的Q学习卫星通信随机接入方法

基于非正交多址接入(NOMA)的Q学习(Q-Learning)随机接入方法(NORA-QL)是实现物联网中海量设备泛在接入的一项有效技术.为了解决NORA-QL方法仍存在的传输能效和过载容量较低的问题,提出了一种适合卫星通信网络的改进方法(I-NORA-QL).针对传输功耗高的问题,I-NORA-QL利用卫星广播的全局...     

The contribution of local gravimetric geoid models to the calibration of satellite altimetry data and an outlook of the latest GOCE GGM performance in Gavdos

The use of geoid heights has been one of the available methodologies utilized for the independent calibration/validation of altimeters on-board satellites. This methodology has been employed for long in the Gavdos dedicated cal/val facility (Crete, Greece), where calibration results for the Jason satellites have been estimated, both for ascending and descending passes. The present work gives a detailed overview of the methodology followed in order to estimate a high-resolution and accuracy gravimetric geoid model for the wider Gavdos area, in support of the on-going calibration work. To estimate the geoid model, the well-known remove-compute-restore method is used while residual geoid heights are estimated through least-squares collocation so that associated errors are determined as well. It is found that the estimated formal geoid errors from LSC along passes 018 and 109 of Jason satellites, used for the bias estimation, range between ±0.8–1.6 cm. The so-derived geoid heights are employed in the determination of the Jason-2 altimeter bias for all available cycles (cycles 1-114, spanning the period from July 2008 to August 2011) together with the RioMed DOT model. From the results acquired the Jason-2 bias has been estimated to be +196.1 ± 3.2 mm for pass 109 and +161.9 ± 5.1 mm for pass 018. Within the same frame, the GOCE/GRACE-based geopotential model GOCO02s has been used to estimate the mean dynamic ocean topography and the steady-state circulation in the area around Gavdos. The so-derived DOT model was used to estimate the Jason-2 bias in an effort to evaluate the performance of satellite-only geoid models and investigate whether their spatial resolution and accuracy provides some improvement w.r.t. traditional local gravimetric geoids. From the results acquired with geoid heights from GOCO02s, the estimated Jason-2 bias deviates significantly from that of the local gravimetric model, which can be attributed to a possible mean offset and the low resolution of GOCE-based GGMs. On the other hand, when the newly estimated GOCE-based DOT was employed with geoid heights from the local gravimetric geoid model, the Jason-2 bias has been estimated to be +185.1 ± 3.2 mm for pass 109 and +130.2 ± 5.1 mm for pass 018.     

Comparison of OClO nadir measurements from SCIAMACHY and GOME

The scanning imaging absorption spectrometer for atmospheric chartography was launched successfully onboard ENVISAT on March 1, 2002. It observes the solar radiation transmitted and backscattered from the atmosphere and reflected from the ground in nadir, limb and occultation viewing modes. Chlorine dioxide (OClO), an important indicator for stratospheric chlorine activation, can be measured in the UV spectral range by differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS).

First results of the DOAS retrieval of OClO slant column densities from the SCIAMACHY nadir measurements are presented and compared to measurements of the global ozone monitoring experiment (GOME), which has successfully measured OClO since 1995. While SCIAMACHY operates in the same orbit, it measures ≈30 min earlier than GOME and has an increased spatial resolution (30 × 60 km² compared to 40 × 320 km² for GOME).     

Latent heat flux and air temperature anomalies along an active fault zone associated with recent Iran earthquakes

Pre-earthquake physical and chemical interactions in the earth’s ground may cause anomalies in latent heat flux, air and surface temperature. Earthquakes occur when the energy accumulated in rocks releases. Sometimes, the movements of the ground cause ruptures in the earth’s surface and sometimes the two sides of an existing fault shift towards each other. In a structurally complex and inhomogeneous collision region such as the Iranian Plateau, seismicity is not the result of activity of a single fault but is due to energy discharge in fault zones hundreds of kilometers wide.     

软硬件协同设计在远置终端系统设计中的应用

首先,对系统软硬件进行统一描述与建模;其次,重点介绍了动态规划法评估系统时间性能的方法和线性加权和法构造适应度函数的方法,并将两种方法与遗传算法相结合解决软硬件划分问题;最后进行了仿真,结果表明该方法能够有效的解决软硬件划分中的多目标优化设计。     

Simultaneous determination of aerosol- and surface characteristics from top-of-atmosphere reflectance using MERIS on board of ENVISAT

The determination of aerosol optical thickness (AOT) from nadir scanning multi-spectral radiometers, like SeaWiFS, MERIS or MODIS, requires the separation of spectral atmospheric and surface properties. Since SeaWiFS and MERIS do not provide information at 2.1 μm, like MODIS, the estimation of the surface reflectance cannot be made by the cross correlation approach described by Kaufman et al., 1997. The BAER approach (Bremen AErosol Retrieval), von Hoyningen-Huene et al., 2003, uses a linear mixing model of spectra for ‘green vegetation’ and ‘bare soil’, tuned by the NDVI, determining an apparent surface to enable this separation of aerosol and surface properties from VIS and NIR channels. Thus AOT can be derived over a wide range of land surfaces for wavelengths <0.67 μm. Using MERIS L1 data over Europe, the AOT retrieved is comparable with ground-based observations, provided by AERONET. Regional variation of AOT can be observed, showing the atmospheric variability for clear sky conditions by: large scale variation of aerosol turbidity, regional pollution, urban regions, effects of contrails and cases of aerosol-cloud interaction. Simultaneously with the spectral AOT also spectral surface reflectance is obtained, where all atmospheric influences have been considered (molecules, aerosols and absorbing gases (O₃)) for channels with wavelengths <0.67 μm. The AOT is extrapolated by Angström power law to NIR channels and the atmospheric correction for land surface properties is performed, enabling the further investigation of land use and spectral land properties.     

Monitoring the South Atlantic Anomaly using ATSR instrument series

The South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA) has been monitored for 19 years using the Along Track Scanning Radiometer (ATSR) series of instruments onboard the ERS-1, ERS-2 and ENVISAT ESA satellites. The time evolution of the night-time particle induced noise in the short wavelength infrared (SWIR, 1.6 μm) and visible (VIS, 0.55 μm) channels of the ATSR instrument series have been analysed. The monthly location and extension of the SAA are inferred by fitting a two-dimensional, elliptical Gaussian function to the coordinates of the night-time hot spots detected over the SAA region. The location of the centre of the SAA is found to drift westwards with an average drift rate of about 0.24 deg/year and northward with an average drift rate of about 0.12 deg/year. Irregularities are found where the drift speed is inverted and the SAA moves eastward and southward. Results indicate that, as expected, the retrieved values of SAA’s strength and extension are anti-correlated with the solar activity expressed by the solar flux at 10.7 cm (F10.7). Finally, the peak-to-peak amplitude of the seasonal variation of the SAA strength, estimated from monthly VIS data, is found to be 30% of the average value with the annual to semiannual amplitude ratio of 1.38.     

SnO2薄膜在可见光区的气敏透光研究

研制以ＳｎＯ２江膜作敏感材料的气敏比色皿，发现在可见光区透射率随被测气体浓度伯增大而增大，并解释敏感机理。