Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Overview: The Instrument Suite and Mission

NASA’s Lunar Precursor Robotic Program (LPRP), formulated in response to the President’s Vision for Space Exploration, will execute a series of robotic missions that will pave the way for eventual permanent human presence on the Moon. The Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) is first in this series of LPRP missions, and plans to launch in October of 2008 for at least one year of operation. LRO will employ six individual instruments to produce accurate maps and high-resolution images of future landing sites, to assess potential lunar resources, and to characterize the radiation environment. LRO will also test the feasibility of one advanced technology demonstration package. The LRO payload includes: Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA) which will determine the global topography of the lunar surface at high resolution, measure landing site slopes, surface roughness, and search for possible polar surface ice in shadowed regions, Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera (LROC) which will acquire targeted narrow angle images of the lunar surface capable of resolving meter-scale features to support landing site selection, as well as wide-angle images to characterize polar illumination conditions and to identify potential resources, Lunar Exploration Neutron Detector (LEND) which will map the flux of neutrons from the lunar surface to search for evidence of water ice, and will provide space radiation environment measurements that may be useful for future human exploration, Diviner Lunar Radiometer Experiment (DLRE) which will chart the temperature of the entire lunar surface at approximately 300 meter horizontal resolution to identify cold-traps and potential ice deposits, Lyman-Alpha Mapping Project (LAMP) which will map the entire lunar surface in the far ultraviolet. LAMP will search for surface ice and frost in the polar regions and provide images of permanently shadowed regions illuminated only by starlight. Cosmic Ray Telescope for the Effects of Radiation (CRaTER), which will investigate the effect of galactic cosmic rays on tissue-equivalent plastics as a constraint on models of biological response to background space radiation. The technology demonstration is an advanced radar (mini-RF) that will demonstrate X- and S-band radar imaging and interferometry using light weight synthetic aperture radar. This paper will give an introduction to each of these instruments and an overview of their objectives.     

小卫星姿控与星务管理的一体化设计

介绍一种将姿控系统和星务管理系统融为一体的设计思想，它节约了星载机资源，提高了系统信息处理的实时性，很好地体现了小卫星的质量轻、体积小、成本低的优势。对姿控系统的硬件组成、卫星的飞行模式和控制策略、星务管理软件的体系结构和总结设计思想、姿控软件的星务管理软件的接口设计等内容做了重点讨论。     

SAR卫星多普勒频移偏航导引补偿效果分析

SAR卫星的多普勒中心频率与卫星和地面目标点间的相对运动有关，文章基于轨道动力学理论，把中心频率分解为两个部分，分别与卫星偏航姿态角相关和无关。对卫星施加偏航导引可以补偿前者，后者则作为噪声而存在。首先导出偏航导引的解析表达式，并简化为余弦函数形式使之适合实时计算；然后定义了补偿度的概念，理论上估计了施加偏航导引的补偿效果，同时在考虑地球为椭球体以及存在J2项摄动的条件下，通过对偏航导引简化公式补偿度的数值仿真，证明了补偿效果的理论估计方法在一定条件下的有效性，重点研究了补偿度与轨道偏心率和雷达侧视角的关系；最后进一步阐明轨道根数和雷达参数对补偿效果的影响，为SAR卫星的初步设计提供了理论支持。     

A novel two-stage extended Kalman filter algorithm for reaction flywheels fault estimation

This paper investigates the problem of two-stage extended Kalman filter(TSEKF)-based fault estimation for reaction flywheels in satellite attitude control systems(ACSs). Firstly, based on the separate-bias principle, a satellite ACSs with actuator fault is transformed into an augmented nonlinear discrete stochastic model; then, a novel TSEKF is suggested such that it can simultaneously estimate satellite attitude information and actuator faults no matter they are additive or multiplicative; finally, the proposed approach is respectively applied to estimating bias faults and loss of effectiveness for reaction flywheels in satellite ACSs, and simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed fault estimation approach.     

美国电弧加热发动机的研究计划

简述了美国（主要是国家航宇局和空军）４０年来电弧加热发动机的研究和发展计划。重点是小功率（千瓦级）和中功率（３０ｋＷ）发动机的研制和应用。     

一种频分制遥测系统的设计与研制

介绍了某战斗弹上所用的频分制遥测系统。对该系统的遥测参数及遥测系统主要指标进行了分析，并介绍了研制中解决的主要关键技术问题     

TH230无线数传电台工作原理及应用

ＴＨ２３０是集成无线和数传专业技术，用于数据传输、无线遥控的多功能电台。介绍ＴＨ２３０专业无线电台的工作原理及其在供配电系统中的应用。     

前苏联卫星遥感技术概况及其应用

该文介绍前苏联航天遥感系统的概况及其应用。     

高分辨率TDICCD相机轻量化技术

高分辨率可见光相机是航天侦察最重要的手段之一。随着用户对分辨率的要求不断提高 ,光学系统的焦距不断增长。长焦距TDICCD相机代表着长焦距传输型相机的发展方向 ,而焦距的增长意味着相机尺寸和质量的增加。文章介绍了国外轻量化技术的一些成果 ,从结构、材料、探测器等方面讨论了我国高分辨率相机轻量化的技术途径。     

卫星大动量矩飞轮的设计

为满足长寿命大型卫星控制系统的需要 ,设计和研制了一种长寿命、大动量矩的动量飞轮。在介绍了国外大动量矩的动量飞轮产品的基础上 ,论述了 5 5N·m·s飞轮的设计技术和关键技术。给出了样机的测试结果并与国外同类产品的性能进行了比较。结果表明 ,样机的设计原理正确。