国外地球同步轨道遥感卫星发展初步研究

地球同步轨道遥感卫星因具备高时效性及持续探测能力等优势,已成为当前国际遥感卫星领域一个重要的发展方向。文章围绕地球同步轨道遥感卫星,重点针对光学、微波、电子侦察等国际地球同步轨道遥感卫星及卫星平台发展动态、发展趋势开展了调研与分析,梳理出国际发展情况对中国地球同步轨道遥感卫星领域发展的启示。文章从地球同步轨道遥感卫星领域发展战略的高度,进一步提出支撑该领域发展需重点突破的关键技术。     

基于最大似然多径估计的卫星导航信号码跟踪算法与实现

卫星导航接收机需要精确的估计信号的扩频码相位并进行跟踪,估计的精度直接影响 伪距的测量精度。卫星信号的多径传播使得传统的基于DLL的估计器存在较大误差,提 出了一种抗多径的估计算法,它基于最大似然参数估计方法,并给出了该算法的推导过程, 仿真的结果表明该算法比传统的DLL跟踪环在性能上有很大的改进。结合传统卫星导 航接收机的实现结构,给出了一种整合了该算法的实现方案。     

星载设备遥测遥控电路中使用1553B总线技术的探讨

文章对星载设备遥测遥控电路中使用1553B总线技术进行了探讨,分析了星载设备采用1553B总线技术后的特点,提出了可行的实现途径。     

长寿命卫星热控涂层性能退化及其对卫星热特征的影响

分析了卫星热控涂层在轨运行时所面临的复杂的空间辐照环境,在国 内外试验数据的基础上,给出了热控涂层在空间辐照环境作用下的退化模型,得到了退化前 后热控涂层光学性能变化的表达式,预测了几种常用热控涂层在空间环境下的退化结果。并 以一颗地球同步轨道模拟星为例,分析热控涂层性能退化对卫星热特征尤其是对卫星红外辐 射特性的影响。
     

考虑燃料均衡的卫星编队队形重构技术

在卫星编队队形重构过程中,如何在实现编队整体燃料消耗较少的同时使得各子卫星燃料消耗均衡,能够有效地提高卫星编队整体的寿命。提出了一种基于虚拟中心位置可变的卫星编队队形重构新方法。该方法以虚拟中心位置为寻优变量,以首末脉冲时刻可优化的双脉冲规划作为单星轨道机动策略,将编队队形重构问题转化为混合0-1数学规划问题。仿真结果表明,该优化算法在实现整体燃料次优的同时,兼顾了各星当前的燃料剩余水平,实现了各子卫星的燃料均衡。     

卫星CMAC神经网络姿态控制器设计及仿真

为提高传统卫星姿态控制系统精度,提出了一种基于小脑模型(CMAC)神经网络的比例-积分-微分(PID)的复合控制器。给出了具在线学习功能的复合控制器结构,并证明了神经网络学习收敛条件与最终控制目标的一致性。仿真结果表明,设计的控制器具有较好的自适应性和鲁棒性。与传统控制器相比,进入稳定状态的速度更快,指向精度更高。     

Analytical solutions for Earth discontinuous coverage of satellite constellation with repeating ground tracks

This paper presents an analytical model for calculating the Earth discontinuous coverage of satellite constellation with repeating ground tracks by integrating and extending the application of coverage region and route theory. Specifically, the visibility condition for a ground point is represented as a coverage region in the two-dimension map of visibility properties, and the trajectories of satellites with circular orbits and repeating ground tracks are converted to several inclined lines in t...     

Relay selection in cooperative communication systems over continuous time-varying fading channel

In this paper, we study relay selection under outdated channel state information (CSI) in a decode-and-forward (DF) cooperative system. Unlike previous researches on cooperative commu-nication under outdated CSI, we consider that the channel varies continuously over time, i.e., the channel not only changes between relay selection and data transmission but also changes during data transmission. Thus the level of accuracy of the CSI used in relay selection degrades with data transmission. We first evaluate the packet error rate (PER) of the cooperative system under contin-uous time-varying fading channel, and find that the PER performance deteriorates more seriously under continuous time-varying fading channel than when the channel is assumed to be constant during data transmission. Then, we propose a repeated relay selection (RRS) strategy to improve the PER performance, in which the forwarded data is divided into multiple segments and relay is reselected before the transmission of each segment based on the updated CSI. Finally, we propose a combined relay selection (CRS) strategy which takes advantage of three different relay selection strategies to further mitigate the impact of outdated CSI.     

利用机载GNSS-R的有效波高反演技术

采用自主研发的多源多宿GNSS-R(Global Navigation Satellite System-Reflections,全球导航卫星系统反射信号)海洋环境遥感探测系统,在天津渤海湾特定区域进行了3次机载校飞试验,获得了大量有效GNSS-R信号数据,对自然条件下的海面有效波高进行了反演处理。该系统通过对接收的GNSS直达信号和海面反射信号进行相关运算处理,可以获得DDM(Delay-Doppler Mapping,时延—多普勒映射)图谱,再利用DCF(Derivative of the Correlation Function,相关函数的导数)在DDM图谱基础上进行相关功率波形的计算,进而通过计算DCF的函数波形宽度得到海面有效波高,验证了该方法的可行性。该方法具有全天时、全天候、高分辨率、低成本等优点,对全球范围内中小尺度海洋状态和物理现象的监测具有重要意义。     

In-orbit assessment of laser retro-reflector efficiency onboard high orbiting satellites

The navigation and geodetic satellites that orbit the Earth at altitudes of approximately 20,000 km are tracked routinely by many of the Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) stations of the International Laser Ranging Service (ILRS). In order to meet increasing demands on SLR stations for daytime and nighttime observations, any new mission needs to ensure a strong return signal so that the target is easily acquirable. The ILRS has therefore set a minimum effective cross-section of 100 million square metres for the on-board laser retro-reflector arrays (LRAs) and further recommends the use of ‘uncoated’ cubes in the arrays. Given the large number of GNSS satellites that are currently supported by SLR, it is informative to make an assessment of the relative efficiencies of the various LRAs employed. This paper uses the laser ranging observations themselves to deduce and then compare the efficiencies of the LRAs on the COMPASS-M1 navigation satellite, two satellites from the GPS and three from the GLONASS constellations, the two GIOVE test satellites from the upcoming Galileo constellation, the two Etalon geodetic spheres and the geosynchronous communications test satellite, ETS-8. All the LRAs on this set of satellites employ back-coated retro-reflector cubes, except those on the COMPASS-M1 and ETS-8 vehicles which are uncoated. A measure of return signal strength, and thus of LRA-efficiency, is calculated using the laser-range full-rate data archive from 2007 to 2010, scaled to remove the effects of variations in satellite range, atmospheric attenuation and retro-reflector target total surface area. Observations from five SLR stations are used in this study; they are Herstmonceux (UK), Yarragadee (Australia), Monument Peak and McDonald (USA) and Wettzell (Germany). Careful consideration is given to the treatment of the observations from each station in order to take account of local working practices and system upgrades. The results show that the uncoated retro-reflector cubes offer significant improvements in efficiency.