处理机匣在单级跨声速风扇上的实验研究

为新研制的单级跨声速风扇设计了３种不同形式的处理机匣,圆弧斜槽处理机匣、轴向斜槽处理机匣和反旋涡式处理机匣,并在该单级跨声风扇上进行了实验研究。采用新建立的试车台数据实时采集与监控系统,测量了该单级跨声速风扇的总性能和采用处理机匣后风扇的总性能、基元级性能。通过分析表明圆弧斜槽处理机匣使负扇的稳定工作裕度获得较大的改善,并且与实壁参考机匣相比,提高了峰值效率,其作用效果明显地优于其他形式的处理机匣     

飞机维修技术探析

介绍现代飞机维修理念,分析国内飞机维修工作的基本情况,结合国际上飞机维修理念及其发展趋势,针对自身条件和生产现状,提出目前国内飞机应用的维修策略及方法。     

Planetary landings with terrain sensing and hazard avoidance: A review

The site selection and certification processes for planetary landers equipped with hazard avoidance capability are reviewed. The prior (large-scale) ‘landability’ of the target areas determined from orbital remote sensing can be only a few tens of per cent (～40 % for Perseverance, ～80–90 % for Apollo 11 and 60–70 % for subsequent Apollo landers) because on-board sensing is able to find safe areas at smaller scales (meters to tens of meters) than the delivery ellipse which may be several to several tens of kilometers across. This contrasts with the ‘blind’ landings of unguided missions, where safe terrain occupying 95–99 % of the landing ellipse are typically sought. The particulars of Apollo 11 and Perseverance/Ingenuity are discussed, together with the similar Chang-E-3 and Tianwen-1 Moon and Mars landers, and the Hayabusa-2 and OSIRIS-REx asteroid contacts, since these missions all used on-board terrain-relative navigation to steer relative to hazards either mapped previously or detected in real-time. These missions set the context for the application of these techniques to the Dragonfly mission to Titan, which has a more austere remote sensing basis on which to select a landing site, but whose rotor propulsion allows substantial divert capability.     

The European Union draft Code of Conduct for outer space activities: An appraisal

The European Union draft Code of Conduct for outer space activities is one of the primary international initiatives, that are currently active, to enhance the safety, security and sustainability of outer space activities. Although the spirit underlying the instrument is commonly shared by space-faring countries, substantial disagreement exists among States as to some of its core provisions. This article proposes that the Code of Conduct should make a clear distinction between commercial activities and military activities, and adopt more balanced measures on the restriction of military activities in outer space.     

加强机务班组建设

一线机务班组是机务系统中的最基层组织,为保证航空安全必须使一线机务班组的管理具有有效性,以使团队在职业道德、工作效率、效益成果等有较为突出的表现。并使班组成员通过有效地管理个人能力得到提升,在团队中找到归属感与成就感。     

飞行器外部电磁环境分析与辐射安全裕度试验方法研究

辐射安全裕度是系统级电磁兼容性的关键指标,是保证系统能够在使用环境下正常工作的前提。从安全裕度的定义出发,分析外部电磁环境对于系统安全裕度的重要意义,指出现有辐射安全裕度试验方法的缺陷。提出用于评估外部电磁环境的两种方法,并指出考虑外部电磁环境后辐射安全裕度测试的难点。文中还分析了系统对外部电磁环境的感应特性,提出一种新的辐射安全裕度测试方法,降低了测试难度,使安全裕度测试更加全面、有效。     

Wake vortex encounter severity for rotorcraft in final approach

The Advisory Council for Aeronautics Research in Europe (ACARE) predicts that European air traffic may nearly triple by 2020. The growth in air traffic is already an increasing problem with capacity at some airports becoming limited due to congestion. This could be alleviated by providing additional passenger capacity at hubs through the introduction of rotorcraft using new IFR procedures and operating simultaneously but independently of the fixed-wing traffic. These Simultaneous Non-Interfering Operations (SNIOps) will be enabled by a ‘reconfiguration’ of the airspace, taking advantage of new navigational and air traffic management systems. SNIOp's raise critical safety questions for rotorcraft wake vortex encounters (WVE's) and will require consideration of the longitudinal and lateral aircraft separation and the locations of the rotorcraft FATO's (Final Approach and Take-Off areas). This paper presents analysis from work carried out as part of the Framework 6 project ‘OPTIMAL’ including the development of predictive methodology and analysis for rotorcraft WVE's, using a severity rating scale. In particular, scenarios are considered where the rotorcraft is following precision glideslopes of up to 12° in both good and degraded visual conditions. Handling qualities criteria have already been found to be well suited to investigating severity of an encounter. Within this framework, draft boundaries are proposed for assessing the severity of an encounter. Furthermore, the results have shown a pilot may be able to recover from an encounter, but the question of whether the required navigational precision would be compromised and a go-around required is also addressed.     

运输类飞机的机身抗烧穿性适航要求解析

运输类飞机可生存坠撞后的火灾是客舱安全范畴内的重要问题之一.提高机身抗烧穿性,即推迟火焰进入客舱的时间,可为乘员应急撤离提供时间保证.介绍了运输类飞机坠撞后的池火火焰特征,包括最高温度、热流密度等特征的范围及其影响因素,重点论述了机身结构烧穿过程,剖析了适航规章中的抗烧穿符合性判据,梳理了抗烧穿性试验方法的发展过程,最后对我国未来运输类飞机机身抗烧穿研究的发展进行了展望.     

运载火箭助推器伞控回收方案及安全性分析

近年来民营航天公司在火箭回收技术上取得了巨大的突破和成功,受到了广泛关注,各国各种先进回收技术和方案也在验证中,我国也已加速开展回收方案论证和试验验证。提出了一种简单可靠、子系统成熟、成本低廉且具备快速搭载飞行试验演示验证条件的回收方案,该方案采取伞降减速、翼伞落点控制及支腿着陆防护的方式回收助推器,可以作为我国火箭回收工程实践的第一步,为后续回收技术研究和实践积累经验和数据。通过助推器分离仿真分析、再入过程气动计算及姿态仿真计算表明助推器回收方案不影响主飞行任务安全性,再入回收过程可控,具备工程实施的可行性。     

基于运行数据的民航机场安全管理系统研究

随着运输量的快速增长和运行复杂性的日益增加,民航机场面临的安全压力日益增大。本文运用信息管理手段解决机场安全管理问题,建立了基于B/S结构的机场安全管理系统。该系统为机场相关部门提供了日常安全管理工具和必要的突发事件响应决策支持工具,实现了机场安全管理的日常工作和风险管理的结合,提高了机场安全管理的准确性、快捷性和高效性。