对合成孔径雷达的移频干扰研究

从分析脉冲压缩信号时延和频移的耦合特性出发，推导了移频干扰对采用脉冲压缩信号体制的合成孔径雷达（SAR）的干扰输出形式，研究表明移频干扰的移频量与合成孔径雷达方位向处理的多普勒带宽无关，但只能形成点目标或线目标干扰。为此，提出了两种改进的移频干扰新样式——随机移频干扰和步进移频干扰。改进的移频干扰样式能够形成一个干扰区域，克服了固定移频干扰不能掩护分布目标的不足。理论分析和仿真表明，改进的移频干扰样式可掩护分布目标，由于可获得一维和二维信号处理增益，干扰效果优于噪声干扰。     

星载SAR对抗方法研究

论述了星载SAR的特点及固有缺陷,从有源和无源两个方面提出了几种不同的星载SAR对抗方法,最后给出了结论。     

一种检测ＳＡＲ图像边缘的方法

传统算法不能很好地解决合成孔径雷达（ＳＡＲ）图像边缘检测问题，为此提出了一种改进方法：将Ｈaralick曲面拟合法和改进的广义模糊算子（ＧＦＯ）两种算法相结合，分别独立求出ＳＡＲ图像边缘，然后将分别求出的图像边缘合并，得出最终边缘，用实际ＳＡＲ图像对该算法进行检验，验证了该算法的有效性。     

聚束式SAR中卷积反投影算法的快速实现

对应用于聚束式合成孔径雷达 (SAR) 成像中的卷积反投影 (CBP) 算法进行了详细研究,提出了一种基于傅里叶变换的快速实现方法,使得CBP算法的计算量得到明显降低.在传统的CBP算法中,反投影过程中的重采样通过插值实现,因而所需的插值数量巨大,导致运算效率低下.研究了图像像素之间隐含的相对位置关系之后,本文采用一系列快速傅里叶变换 (FFT)来实现反投影过程中的重采样,避免了运算量巨大的插值过程,故提高了运算效率.仿真结果证明了新算法的可行性和有效性.相比于传统的CBP算法,新算法可以提高大约85%的运算效率.由于FFT适用于并行处理,新方法在实时处理SAR系统中有一定的应用价值.     

IMPROVEMENT OF PHASE GRADIENT AUTOFOCUS ALGORITHM

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Urban growth assessment around Winam Gulf of Kenya based on satellite imagery

Urban growth and population dynamics are among the most critical information needed for future economic development planning, natural resources allocation and environmental management. In the present work, two methods, the first based on night-time images produced by NOAA and population maps provided by Oak Ridge National Laboratory's (ORNL) LandScan, and the second one on SAR imagery, were used in order to assess the expansion of urban areas surrounding the Winam Gulf (Lake Victoria, Kenya) at different scales. In the time covered by night-time lights imagery, the study highlighted a period of constant growth rate between 2002 and 2006 and a negative trend after 2006 and 2008. This decrease may be related to two main events occurring in the study area between 2006 and 2007: the decline of the Lake Victoria level and the abnormal proliferation of the floating weeds within the Winam Gulf. Meanwhile, the urban feature extraction obtained at a different scale within a particular district from 1997 up to 2008 results in a constant growth rate. Population movements around this zone explain different dynamics that should be studied in detail in order to understand their particular roots.     

Introduction to global short message communication service of BeiDou-3 navigation satellite system

Short Message Communication (SMC) is a featured service of BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS). After its successful deployment in 2003, Regional Short Message Communication (RSMC) service has been continuously serving China and its neighboring countries and regions, especially in life safety scenarios. In this paper, the architecture of the Global Short Message Communication (GSMC) system is proposed based on the medium earth orbit (MEO) constellation and the crosslinks of the global BeiDou navigation system (BDS-3). Three subtypes of GSMC service, i.e. positioning report, emergency search and rescue (SAR) and regular SMC are designed in accordance with the technical characteristic of integration of navigation and communication in BDS-3, which supports future wide applications of GSMC. The performance of the designed GSMC system is analyzed by numerical calculations. As BDS-3 was officially announced completion on July 31, 2020, GSMC has been providing initial service. First test results of the in orbit GSMC payloads are also presented in the paper to verify the designed capabilities. Preliminary results also show that the requirements of Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS) can also be fulfilled.     

一种基于COTS的SAR分布式目标模拟方法

针对目前合成孔径雷达(SAR)目标模拟器通常只能模拟点目标，且通用化程度和实时性较低的问题，提出了一种基于商用现成品或技术(COTS)的SAR分布式目标模拟方法。利用NI PXI平台构建了一个基于电磁仿真的SAR分布式目标模拟器，由电磁仿真软件模拟获取目标散射特性，并通过高速网口输入硬件设备进行采样及卷积操作得到仿真SAR回波数字信号，经数模转换模块完成对SAR数字信号的调制并输出模拟回波，可以直接用于SAR系统的数据验证。模拟器采用数字式一体化硬件设备，由NI PXIe-5646R和PXIe-5840进行信号的接收和发送，PXIe-7902作为系统核心进行高速实时数据运算。系统以现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)为核心，通过LabVIEW RT (Real Time)和FPGA模块直接进行访问，能实时、高速地采集和处理数据。经过测试，该目标模拟器可以生成分布式目标的射频回波信号，环路验证结果证明了本文提出方法的有效性。另外，本文提出的方法适用于多种雷达信号的模拟，通过设置不同的信号体制或接收外部信号输入，可以实现灵活的SAR目标模拟。     

An optimal selection of probability distribution functions for unsupervised land cover classification of PALSAR-2 data

Different types of classification techniques are available in the literature for the classification of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data into various land cover classes. Various SAR images are available for land cover classification such as ALOS PALSAR (PALSAR-1, PALSAR-2), RADARSAT and ENVISAT. In this paper, we have attempted to explore probability distribution function (pdf) based land cover classification using PALSAR-2 data. Over 20 different statistical distribution functions are analyzed for different classes based on statistical parameters. Probability distribution functions are selected based on Chi-squared goodness of fit test for each individual class. A decision tree based classifier is developed for classification based on the selected pdf functions and its statistical parameters. The proposed classification approach has an accuracy of 83.93%.     

SAR扫描区域目标模型分析

根据雷达目标测绘区域的特点，结合地面目标的特性系统，给出了合成孔径雷达的目标测绘区域目标的模拟目标模型。根据该区域目标模型可以计算出测绘区域的目标回波信号，经处理后得到测绘区域图像。实验结果表明该区域目标模型可满足对目标回波的处理要求。