曲线合成孔径雷达迭代算法

研究了曲线合成孔径雷达(SAR,Synthetic Aperture Radar)二维信号模型和三维信号模型,得到了曲线SAR回波信号的数学表达式.将迭代算法应用于曲线SAR, 根据最小化非线性方差准则得到了曲线SAR中RELAX估计算法代价函数,详细研究了二维RELAX估计算法和三维RELAX估计算法的每一个具体步骤,可估计出目标点的散射强度和位置.给出了递推过程,规定了收敛条件,分析了RELAX估计算法的特点和计算量,得出RELAX算法收敛速度快,计算量相对较小,收敛条件苛刻会增加RELAX算法的计算量.研究成果为应用迭代算法提取曲线SAR数据的三维信息提供了指导.     

ASAR imaging for coastal upwelling in the Baltic Sea

Analysis of Envisat Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar (ASAR) and Aqua/Terra Moderate Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) infrared (IR) imagery of coastal upwelling in the southeastern Baltic Sea is presented. It is found that upwelling features are well distinct in the SAR images, and the leading imaging mechanism appears to be the change of the marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL) stratification over the sea surface temperature (SST) front. This finding is supported by model calculations of the MABL transformation supplemented with the SAR backscatter calculations based on the CMOD4 model. In addition an empirical dependence of the SAR contrasts over the upwelling region on the wind speed and the SST drop is suggested. Finally, surface slicks accumulated in the sea surface current convergence zones generate additional distinct features in SAR imagery. This effect is interpreted within the framework of the coastal current circulation model based on analysis of the SST snapshot.     

TanDEM-X: A radar interferometer with two formation-flying satellites

TanDEM-X (TerraSAR-X add-on for Digital Elevation Measurements) is an innovative formation-flying radar mission that opens a new era in spaceborne radar remote sensing. The primary objective is the acquisition of a global digital elevation model (DEM) with unprecedented accuracy (12 m horizontal resolution and 2 m relative height accuracy). This goal is achieved by extending the TerraSAR-X synthetic aperture radar (SAR) mission by a second, TerraSAR-X like satellite (TDX) flying in close formation with TerraSAR-X (TSX). Both satellites form together a large single-pass SAR interferometer with the opportunity for flexible baseline selection. This enables the acquisition of highly accurate cross-track interferograms without the inherent accuracy limitations imposed by repeat-pass interferometry due to temporal decorrelation and atmospheric disturbances. Besides the primary goal of the mission, several secondary mission objectives based on along-track interferometry as well as new bistatic and multistatic SAR techniques have been defined, representing an important and innovative asset of the TanDEM-X mission. TanDEM-X is implemented in the framework of a public–private partnership between the German Aerospace Center (DLR) and EADS Astrium GmbH. The TanDEM-X satellite was successfully launched in June 2010 and the mission started its operational data acquisition in December 2010. This paper provides an overview of the TanDEM-X mission and summarizes its actual status and performance. Furthermore, results from several scientific radar experiments are presented that show the great potential of future formation-flying interferometric SAR missions to serve novel remote sensing applications.     

基于SAR景象不变特征点的匹配定位技术研究

针对精确制导领域中的SAR景象匹配定位技术中由于实时图与基准图可能存在形变、分辨率不一致,图像旋转及雷达视角变化及噪声的影响下差异较大情况时直接利用基于灰度的规则正交二维信息匹配算法适应性差的问题,将不变特征点匹配方法(Scale Invariant Feature Transform,SIFT)应用到SAR景象匹配中,通过仿真实验取得了满意的效果,试验结果表明SIFT特征是图像的局部特征,其对旋转、尺度缩放、亮度变化保持不变性,对视角变化、噪声也保持一定程度的稳定性,对提高匹配概率和对不同图像的适应性,降低应用风险具有借鉴意义。     

Configuration synthesis of planar folded and common overconstrained spatial rectangular pyramid deployable truss units

Compared with non-overconstrained deployable units, overconstrained deployable units are widely used in space missions for their higher stiffness characteristics. Besides the performance of a three-step topological structural analysis and design of the rectangular pyramid deployable truss unit(PDTU), conducting a structural synthesis of an overconstrained deployable unit requires the determination of the relative position and direction of each kinematic axis. The structural synthesis of an overconstrained deployable unit is investigated based on screw theory and its topological structure. The possible overconstrained cases of the rectangular PDTUs are analyzed, and corresponding screw expressions are obtained. Thus, the rectangular PDTUs, which can be folded into a plane, are synthesized systemically, and a series of overconstrained rectangular PDTUs is obtained. Furthermore, the feasibility of the folded and deployed motions under one degree of freedom for those deployable units is verified in dynamical simulation by using ADAMS 2010.     

基于深度卷积网络的SAR图像目标检测识别

在SAR图像解译应用领域,目标的自动检测与识别一直是该领域的研究重点和热点,也是该领域的研究难点。针对SAR图像的目标检测与识别方法一般由滤波、分割、特征提取和目标识别等多个相互独立的步骤组成。复杂的流程不仅限制了SAR图像目标检测识别的效率,多步骤处理也使模型的整体优化难以进行,进而制约了目标检测识别的精度。采用近几年在计算机视觉领域表现突出的深度学习方法来处理SAR图像的目标检测识别问题,通过使用CNN、Fast RCNN以及Faster RCNN等模型对MSTAR SAR公开数据集进行目标识别及目标检测实验,验证了卷积神经网络在SAR图像目标识别领域的有效性及高效性,为后续该领域的进一步研究应用奠定了基础。     

吸波热沉在微波雷达成像卫星真空热试验中的应用

在微波雷达成像卫星的整星真空热试验中,需采取特殊措施吸收SAR天线T/R组件发射出的大功率微波,以保护组件不被损伤。文章介绍了一种新型外热流模拟装置——吸波热沉,兼具吸波和外热流模拟2方面的功能。为验证吸波热沉在真空热试验时的有效性,设计了一套验证试验方案,试验结果表明:吸波热沉可以满足真空热试验的外热流模拟精度需求,偏差在4%以内。该装置已在某微波雷达成像卫星的真空热试验中成功应用。     

Vector quantization for saturated SAR raw data compression

Spaceborne SAR involves the storage and transmission of large-size sampling data. Block adaptive quantization (BAQ) is now the most widely used onboard data compression algorithm due to its good tradeoff between system performance and complexity. However, when spaceborne SAR raw data is saturated, the performance of conventional BAQ deteriorates dramatically because its precondition of Gaussian distribution of raw data no longer holds. In order to solve this problem, an improved vector quantization (VQ) algorithm is proposed. This algorithm firstly introduces saturation modification to a conventional vector quantizer, obtains the saturation codebook based on Gaussian density function, and then obtains the new vector quantizer for the whole set of Saturation Degree (SD). This algorithm makes the vector quantizer match statistical model of data for the whole set of SD, so the performance of the compression is improved. The case of the 2D signal is explicitly computed. The performance of the proposed algorithm is verified by simulated and real data experiments.     

SAR成像及干扰效果评估方法研究

合成孔径雷达(SAR)是一种高分辨率成像雷达,在工作机理上不同于传统雷达,对其实施干扰及效果评估具有其特殊性。本文简单分析了SAR成像的原理和特点,讨论了几种适用的干扰技术,并基于图像质量评估指标体系对其干扰效果进行了仿真分析。     

基于阴影信息的多视角SAR图像识别

传统的SAR图像识别技术主要基于目标的电磁散射特性,而目标阴影信息对SAR图像目标识别具有重要的作用。若能获取同一目标在多个方位角下的多幅SAR图像,可改善目标识别的性能。针对该问题,本文提出了一种基于隐马尔可夫模型及阴影信息的多视角SAR图像识别技术。该技术提取目标阴影形状的链编码作为特征向量,并结合同一目标在不同方位角下的多幅图像的特征向量,生成该目标的特征序列,然后利用HMM对特征序列进行识别。仿真结果表明,该方法可有效实现SAR图像目标识别。