一种混合粒子群优化算法在翼型设计中的应用

提出了一种分层交换差分粒子群优化算法。作为一种混合算法,将粒子群优化算法与差分进化算法有机地结合了起来,使得粒子种群和差分种群分层交换,共享最优信息,加快了收敛速度,降低了陷入局部最优的风险,函数测试结果表现出算法具有更好的寻优性能。将算法应用到翼型设计之中,取得了良好的优化效果。     

DE算法在空间交会中的应用

在第一次脉冲位置可变的条件下,用差异演化(DE)算法实现航天器双冲量交会的优化。根据C-W方程建立双冲量交会模型,用时间-能量加权法计算混合优化指标。给出了所设计DE优化算法的编码、生成初始种群、变异、交叉、辅助和选择等操作步骤。仿真结果表明,DE算法较基本遗传算法(GA)能更有效地获得最优解。     

用于快速仿真优化的改进差分进化算法及其应用

提出一种改进的差分进化算法,采用一种“位变”方法计算收缩因子,该方法首先根 据适应值对种群排序,然后根据各个体的排列位置确定收缩因子;采用正态分布函数对算法 参数进行随机扰动来维持种群的多样性;该算法还提出一种新的变异算子,并将其与基本的 差分变异算子结合使用以提高算法的寻优精度。经过对多个Benchmark函数的测试、分析和 比较,结果表明该算法具有较高的收敛精度和较快的收敛速度。最后将该算法用于火箭发动 机涡轮气动优化,以较小的计算成本将涡轮气动效率提高了2.5％。应用结果表明该算法 适用于快速仿真优化问题,能有效地节约计算成本。
     

From Titan’s tholins to Titan’s aerosols: Isotopic study and chemical evolution at Titan’s surface

In the present work, we focused on the possible isotopic fractionation of carbon during the processes involved in the formation of Titan’s tholins. We present the first results obtained on the ¹²C/¹³C isotopic ratios measured on Titan’s tholins synthesized in laboratory with cold plasma discharges. Measurements of isotopic ratio ¹²C/¹³C, done both on tholins and on the initial gas mixture (N₂:CH₄ (98:2)) used to produce them, do not show any evident deficit or enrichment in ¹³C relatively to ¹²C in the synthesized tholins, compared to the initial gas mixture. This observation allows to go further in the analyses of the ACP experiment data, including part of the Cassini–Huygens mission.     

Abundances of Light Elements

This paper briefly reviews a few relevant features about the abundances of light elements (D, ⁴He, ⁶Li, ⁷Li, ⁹Be) in the Milky Way. It places special emphasis on metal-poor stars. Observational concerns are discussed. The use of ⁷Li and ⁶Li as cosmological probes and of ⁹Be as a chronometer for the early evolution of our Galaxy are discussed.     

基于单一产品数据源的BOM管理

如何管理产品生命周期中的各种物料项清单BOM(Bill of Material)是产 品数据管理的关键,其核心是产品生命周期中BOM的全局数据模型,即BOM之间关系的建立和 维护.借鉴波音公司提出的单一产品数据源SSPD(Single Source of Product Data)思 想,从分析产品生命周期中BOM的演化过程出发,提出了BOM演变原理,并在此基础上,提出 了一种基于SSPD统一管理BOM的框架模型.      

The chemical composition of B-supergiant atmospheres

We present new estimates of He/H and CNO abundance ratios in the atmospheres of a selection of B2 supergiants which imply that the C/N ratio in the most luminous Ia stars is close to its equilibrium value. The is also some evidence for more moderate CN abundance anomalies in the B2Ib and B2II supergiants. These results, together with other recent work, imply that the effects of the CNO bi-cycle on the composition of B-supergiant atmospheres are most severe for the more luminous and massive stars. Furthermore, studies of LMC B-supergiants indicate that a small fraction of these very luminous stars are nitrogen weak. This picture is qualitatively consistent with theoretical predictions whenever massive stars perform blue loops in the HR diagram, returning from a red supergiant phase to become core helium burning blue supergiants with atmospheres contaminated by nuclear processed material.     

The extravehicular mobility unit: A review of environment, requirements, and design changes in the US spacesuit

Requirements are rarely static, and are ever more likely to evolve as the development time of a system stretches out and its service life increases. In this paper, we discuss the evolution of requirements for the US spacesuit, the extravehicular mobility unit (EMU), as a case study to highlight the need for flexibility in system design. We explore one fundamental environmental change, using the Space Shuttle EMU aboard the International Space Station, and the resulting EMU requirement and design changes. The EMU, like other complex systems, faces considerable uncertainty during its service life. Changes in the technical, political, or economic environment cause changes in requirements, which in turn necessitate design modifications or upgrades. We make the case that flexibility is a key attribute that needs to be embedded in the design of long-lived, complex systems to enable them to efficiently meet the inevitability of changing requirements after they have been fielded.     

基于启发式自适应离散差分进化算法的多UCAV协同干扰空战决策

 研究了多无人作战飞机(UCAV)协同干扰空战决策(MUCJAD)问题,在干扰效能评估指标量化方法的基础上为该问题建立了优化模型。为有效求解该模型,提出一种启发式自适应离散差分进化(H-SDDE)算法。在H-SDDE算法中,设计了包含4种候选解产生策略的候选策略池,引入了候选解产生策略及其参数的自适应学习过程。此外,结合实际问题为算法设计了基于威胁度的扩展型整数编码方案、基于威胁度的启发式个体调整操作、基于约束满足的个体修复操作。在12个测试实例上进行了仿真验证,结果表明,H-SDDE算法与其他同类算法相比在求解质量和求解速度上具有明显优势,能够更好地发挥多UCAV协同干扰整体效果。     

A novel approach of testability modeling and analysis for PHM systems based on failure evolution mechanism

Prognostics and health management (PHM) significantly improves system availability and reliability, and reduces the cost of system operations. Design for testability (DFT) developed concurrently with system design is an important way to improve PHM capability. Testability modeling and analysis are the foundation of DFT. This paper proposes a novel approach of testability modeling and analysis based on failure evolution mechanisms. At the component level, the fault progression-related information of each unit under test (UUT) in a system is obtained by means of failure modes, evolution mechanisms, effects and criticality analysis (FMEMECA), and then the failure-symptom dependency can be generated. At the system level, the dynamic attributes of UUTs are assigned by using the bond graph methodology, and then the symptom-test dependency can be obtained by means of the functional flow method. Based on the failure-symptom and symptom-test dependencies, testability analysis for PHM systems can be realized. A shunt motor is used to verify the application of the approach proposed in this paper. Experimental results show that this approach is able to be applied to testability modeling and analysis for PHM systems very well, and the analysis results can provide a guide for engineers to design for testability in order to improve PHM performance.