On initial steps of chemical prebiotic evolution: Triggering autocatalytic reaction of oligomerization

Searching for extraterrestrial life attracts more and more attention. However this searching hardly can be effective without sufficiently universal concept of life origin, which incidentally tackles a problem of origin of life on the Earth. A concept of initial stages of life origin is stated in the paper. The concept eliminates key difficulties in the problem of life origin, and allows experimental verification of it. According to the concept the predecessor of living beings has to be sufficiently simple to provide non-zero probability of self-assembling during short (in geological or cosmic scale) time. In addition the predecessor has to be capable of autocatalysis, and further complication (evolution). A possible scenario of initial stage of life origin, which can be realized both on other planets, and inside experimental facility is considered. In the scope of the scenario a theoretical model of multivariate oligomeric autocatalyst is presented. Results of computer simulation of two versions of oligomeric autocatalytic reactions are presented. It is shown that the contribution of monomer activation reaction is essential, and in some cases autocatalysis in polymerizing reaction can be achieved without catalyzing proper monomer binding reaction.     

展成电解加工整体叶轮扭曲叶片中的间隙分析

叙述了展成电解加工整体叶轮扭曲叶片中间隙的计算方法,并讨论了工件和阴极各运动速度对间隙的影响。     

The synthesis of helium and CNO isotopes in massive stars

We present helium and CNO isotopic yields for massive mass-losing stars in the initial mass range 15M M _i 50M . We investigate their dependence on assumptions about mass loss rates, internal mixing processes, and metallicity, and specify the contributions from stellar winds and from supernova ejecta.     

Optical and X-ray aspects of quasars

We review the present knowledge on the cosmological evolution of quasars, by discussing some of the recent results obtained from studies of optically selected objects. Despite the fast development of prism survey tecniques, the color selection still appears to be the best tecnique for constructing the complete samples which are necessary for statistical studies. It is shown, however, that even the best available complete samples of quasars selected on the basis of ultraviolet excess (z < 2.2) are not sufficient to univocally determine the “correct” evolutionary model. Moreover, some preliminary results suggest that the evolution law derived from quasars with m_B<20 and z<2.2 can not be extrapolated to fainter magnitudes and higher redshifts. On the basis of what is known today about the optical and X-ray properties of quasars, we then discuss some of teh possible results, relevant to cosmology, which can be achieved with future coordinated optical and X-ray observations of quasars.     

变温热处理过程的相场模拟及其参数标定

航空发动机双性能涡轮盘热处理工艺的研究,大多采用试验的方法建立涡轮盘合金的热处理工艺数据库,但试验法的研究周期长、成本高,提出一种可用于预测变温热处理过程中晶粒演化行为的相场模型。为了模拟不同热处理温度下高温合金的晶粒演化行为,对相场模型进行改进,在相场模型中引入Arrhenius关系,用于描述高温合金晶界运动与温度的量化关系。基于改进的相场模型和拟合的模型参数,计算分析热处理过程中晶粒尺寸的变化和形貌演化规律。结果表明:计算数据与试验数据吻合,晶粒的演化规律与理论分析和试验观察结果一致,证明了拟合的Arrhenius关系中的晶界迁移速率M适用于模拟相应温度下的热处理过程,同时,以上结果也验证了该模型改进方法的可行性及其拟合参数的准确性。     

内连导线线宽对沿晶微裂纹演化的影响

基于应力诱发表面扩散的经典理论,用有限元法模拟了线宽对铜内连导线中沿晶微裂纹演化的影响。数值模拟结果表明:随着线宽的减小,椭圆形沿晶微裂纹存在分节与不分节两种演化分叉趋势,且演化分节存在临界线宽珔hc;当珔h≤珔hc时,沿晶微裂纹分节成3个新的沿晶微裂纹;当珔h珔hc时,沿晶微裂纹圆柱化。沿晶微裂纹分节时间^tf随线宽的减小而减小,即减小线宽会加速微裂纹分节。临界外载珋σc与临界形态比βc随线宽的减小而减小,即减小线宽有利于沿晶微裂纹分节。临界外载和临界形态比随晶界能与表面能比值的增大而减小,且沿晶微裂纹比晶内微裂纹更易发生分节。     

用于快速仿真优化的改进差分进化算法及其应用

提出一种改进的差分进化算法,采用一种“位变”方法计算收缩因子,该方法首先根 据适应值对种群排序,然后根据各个体的排列位置确定收缩因子;采用正态分布函数对算法 参数进行随机扰动来维持种群的多样性;该算法还提出一种新的变异算子,并将其与基本的 差分变异算子结合使用以提高算法的寻优精度。经过对多个Benchmark函数的测试、分析和 比较,结果表明该算法具有较高的收敛精度和较快的收敛速度。最后将该算法用于火箭发动 机涡轮气动优化,以较小的计算成本将涡轮气动效率提高了2.5％。应用结果表明该算法 适用于快速仿真优化问题,能有效地节约计算成本。
     

DE算法在空间交会中的应用

在第一次脉冲位置可变的条件下,用差异演化(DE)算法实现航天器双冲量交会的优化。根据C-W方程建立双冲量交会模型,用时间-能量加权法计算混合优化指标。给出了所设计DE优化算法的编码、生成初始种群、变异、交叉、辅助和选择等操作步骤。仿真结果表明,DE算法较基本遗传算法(GA)能更有效地获得最优解。     

基于ADE-ELM的涡轴发动机建模方法

提出了基于自适应微分进化-极端学习机(ADE-ELM)求解平衡方程的高精度涡轴发动机实时部件级模型建立方法.基于牛顿-拉夫逊(N-R)迭代模型,以迭代计算前模型平衡方程残差为输入,迭代收敛后平衡方程猜值修正量为输出,训练极端学习机,并采用自适应微分进化(ADE)算法优化极端学习机(ELM)参数,提高猜值修正量映射精度.ADE算法中采用sigmoid型自适应缩放因子,提高了微分进化算法的寻优能力.在涡轴发动机不同飞行状态下的测试结果表明,以N-R迭代算法模型为基准,基于ADE-ELM的发动机模型,最大建模误差约为一次通过算法的1/3,运算耗时约为一次通过算法的1/3,验证了算法的有效性.      

复合材料层合板结构冲击损伤数值模拟的损伤力学模型

针对复合材料结构低速冲击损伤问题,基于连续损伤力学提出了一种动力学冲击条件下的三维损伤数值模型。模型中区分了层内损伤（纤维拉伸与压缩失效、纤维间拉伸与压缩失效）和层间分层损伤不同的失效模式。采用三维Puck失效准则与考虑压缩抑制效应的Aymerich准则对上述两类损伤进行判定,材料失效后基于连续损伤力学中线性软化模型对材料损伤进行演化。模型中考虑了复合材料层合板结构中子层的就位效应和损伤分析中的“连锁效应”。通过对Shi的冲击试验进行数值模拟,模型预测的冲击接触载荷、分层形状和尺寸与试验结果吻合较好,证明了所提出的数值模型对复合材料层合板结构低速冲击损伤预测的有效性。