Strategic flight assignment approach based on multi-objective parallel evolution algorithm with dynamic migration interval

The continuous growth of air traffic has led to acute airspace congestion and severe delays, which threatens operation safety and cause enormous economic loss. Flight assignment is an economical and effective strategic plan to reduce the flight delay and airspace congestion by reasonably regulating the air traffic flow of China. However, it is a large-scale combinatorial optimization problem which is difficult to solve. In order to improve the quality of solutions, an effective multi-objective parallel evolution algorithm(MPEA) framework with dynamic migration interval strategy is presented in this work. Firstly, multiple evolution populations are constructed to solve the problem simultaneously to enhance the optimization capability. Then a new strategy is proposed to dynamically change the migration interval among different evolution populations to improve the efficiency of the cooperation of populations. Finally, the cooperative co-evolution(CC) algorithm combined with non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II(NSGA-II) is introduced for each population. Empirical studies using the real air traffic data of the Chinese air route network and daily flight plans show that our method outperforms the existing approaches, multiobjective genetic algorithm(MOGA), multi-objective evolutionary algorithm based on decomposition(MOEA/D), CC-based multi-objective algorithm(CCMA) as well as other two MPEAs with different migration interval strategies.     

High resolution X-ray spectroscopy and chemical evolution in elliptical galaxies

We discuss the elemental composition in the hot ISM of elliptical galaxies derived from new and recent X-ray spectral analysis in the context of new phenomenological models of their chemical evolution. Star formation histories, the IMF, the astrophysics of supernovae, and the nature of galactic winds impact the metal content and relative abundances in the hot ISM. We evaluate how X-ray spectroscopy may be utilized to deconstruct how elliptical galaxies, and the stellar populations that compose them, form and evolve, with an emphasis on present and future high resolution spectroscopic analysis.     

圆柱体落水过程多相流体动力特性数值分析

针对圆柱体大角度落水过程多相流动问题,采用VOF多相流模型和重叠网格技术分析了低弗劳德数条件下圆柱体落水过程空泡演化、水动力特性以及尺度效应的影响。结果表明:不同直径的圆柱体落水空泡均发生拉断闭合,且空泡闭合时间随弗劳德数增加而线性增大。除落水抨击和空泡闭合阶段外,升力系数在空泡闭合前的平均增长率比空泡闭合后快。阻力系数从落水撞击至空泡闭合阶段变化一致,但是在空泡闭合后出现分化现象。     

ZnO/Ni-B_i复合光阳极的制备及其光电催化氧化水性能

利用沉淀预处理在基底上生长晶种的方法,在氧化铟锡(ITO)导电玻璃表面水热生长出分布均匀、与基底结合牢固、具有较高光电催化分解水制氧性能的ZnO纳米棒。用电助光沉积的方法将电催化剂Ni-Bi与ZnO复合,用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)及紫外可见漫反射光谱对ZnO/Ni-Bi复合光阳极的结构进行了表征,并采用电化学和光电化学技术研究了ZnO/Ni-Bi复合光阳极的光电催化分解水性能,对不同的复合方式、复合时间以及热处理对复合结构催化活性的影响进行了研究。复合Ni-Bi后,ZnO的性能获得了最高40%的提升。光阳极表面沉积的Ni-Bi分离电子空穴抑制其复合,有效地利用了ZnO产生的光生空穴,将水氧化形成氧气,从而显著提高了光照条件下ZnO催化氧化水的效率。     

The effectiveness of end-of-life re-orbiting for debris mitigation in geostationary orbit

The effect of satellite breakups over 72 years, as a function of the end-of-life re-orbiting altitude (0–2000km), was analyzed in terms of fragment contribution to the object density in the geostationary orbit (GEO) ring, both in the short- and long-term. In the short-term, the explosions in GEO are the most detrimental for the GEO ring environment, though the average fragment density in the ring is never higher than 1/5 of the background, decreasing to less than 1/100 of the existing environment after 4 years (apart from a density rebound 5 decades later, due to luni-solar perturbations). Spacecraft end-of-life re-orbiting is a possible mitigation solution. But the re-orbiting altitude is critical if explosions continue to occur. In order to reduce the post-event average density by 1 order of magnitude with respect to an explosion occurring in GEO, more than 500km of re-orbiting is needed. Concerning the long-term environmental impact, the re-orbiting strategy supported by Inter-Agency Space Debris Coordination Committee (IADC) seems adequate to guarantee, after 2–3 years, a long-term average density of fragments in the GEO ring of at least 2 orders of magnitude below the existing background. But at least 1000km of re-orbiting are needed to stay below that threshold in the short-term too. In conclusion, the re-orbiting strategy recommended by IADC is totally adequate in the long-term, but only if satellite passivation is extensively carried out.     

星箭力学环境分析与试验技术研究进展

半个世纪以来，宇航科技工作者对卫星发射力学环境的认识逐步深入，从而带动了相关基础理论、预示方法、分析工具、试验技术和试验设备的不断发展。随着航天技术发展步伐的加快，对航天器设计的要求越来越高，星箭力学环境分析与试验技术研究的迫切性日益凸出。本文重点针对星箭力学环境分析与试验技术所涉及的航天器力学环境预示、航天器力学环境试验和星箭力学环境匹配优化等三方面技术的国内外研究进展进行了综合分析评述；指出了三者之间相辅相成、缺一不可的内在联系：预示分析决定着试验的方法和条件，力学试验又反过来验证预示分析的准确性，力学环境预示分析和试验的准确性和有效性为星箭力学环境匹配优化的顺利开展提供重要保障。最后，根据航天工程的需要，提出了今后在星箭力学环境分析与试验技术研究领域的主要研究方向。     

The Chemical Evolution of the Milky Way Disk

A brief review is presented of our current understanding of the evolution of the Milky Way disk and of its relevance to "cosmic chemical evolution" studies. The implications of this understanding for the evolution of deuterium are emphasized.     

The X-ray evolution of galaxies: implications for future X-ray observatories

The X-ray evolution of the luminosity of normal galaxies is primarily driven by the evolution of their X-ray binary populations. The imprints left by a cosmological evolution of the star formation rate (SFR) will cause the average X-ray luminosity of galaxies to appear higher in the redshift range 1–3. As reported by White and Ghosh [ApJ, 504 (1998) L31] the profile of X-ray luminosity with redshift can both serve as a diagnostic probe of the SFR profile and constrain evolutionary models for X-ray binaries. In order to observe the high redshift (z>3) universe in the X-ray band, it is necessary to avoid confusion from foreground field galaxies. We report on the predictions of these models of the X-ray flux expected from galaxies and the implications for the telescope parameters of future deep universe X-ray observatories.     

激波加速的密度分层流体交界面的演化

采用了自适应的非结构网格和基于有限体积法的二阶Godunov格式，数值模拟了在不同强度的激波作用下两种不同密度流体交界面的演化过程，详细给出了交界面上由于斜压效应产生的涡列的演化过程。     

民用飞机维修间隔优化调整方法研究

航空公司对服役后飞机的初始维修大纲进行优化调整,是为了在保证安全性与可靠性的同时降低维修成本,而优化调整的实施往往基于航空公司针对每个MRB维修任务所报告的服役数据来进行.为了提高服役数据的评估质量,在理论研究和大量工程实践的基础上,建立了相应的分析流程及计算模型,用以辅助维修任务时间间隔调整的决策.