大型低轨星座构型演化分析及维持控制策略研究

针对大型低轨星座构型维持控制问题,搭建了一套星座构型演化及维持控制分析流程,适用于千颗量级的大型低轨Walker卫星星座构型演化分析及维持控制;采用去平均漂移偏差的相对构型保持方法分析星座构型演化情况,有效减小了控制频次、均衡了控制卫星分布;采用自由段维持策略有序规划各卫星位置维持控制时序和控制弧段,实现了整个星座在时间和空间维度有序、分散的控制,降低了对星座服务性能的影响。     

空间机器人抓捕碰撞分析与轨迹规划镇定控制

针对空间机器人抓捕目标过程中产生的碰撞冲击问题,分析了抓捕瞬态碰撞对机器人系统产生的影响,提出了一种控制力矩能量消耗少、对卫星平台基座扰动小的镇定控制方法,实现了对抓捕目标后组合体系统的镇定控制。首先,利用Kane方法建立了抓捕后的目标-机械臂-卫星平台组合体动力学模型;其次,利用ADAMS软件分析了瞬态碰撞冲击对空间机器人系统的影响,为后续镇定控制策略的设计提供初始仿真参数;采用四次多项式实现了机械臂关节空间轨迹的参数化,设定了基于控制力矩能量与基座扰动的加权目标函数,利用差分进化算法(DE)求解得到满足控制力矩能量消耗小、平台基座扰动少的机械臂关节空间轨迹。最后,利用七自由度空间机器人的数值仿真,验证了所提出方法的有效性。     

Influence of non-equilibrium reactions on the optimization of aerothrust aeroassisted maneuver with orbital change

The spaceplane is perspective vehicle due to wide maneuverability in comparison with a space capsule. Its maneuverability is expressed by the larger flight range and also by a possibility to rotate orbital inclination in the atmosphere by the aerodynamic and thrust forces. Orbital plane atmospheric rotation maneuvers can significantly reduce fuel costs compared to rocket-dynamic non-coplanar maneuver. However, this maneuver occurs at Mach numbers about 25, and such velocities lead to non-equilibrium chemical reactions in the shock wave. Such reactions change a physicochemical air property, and it affects aerodynamic coefficients. This paper investigates the influence of non-equilibrium reactions on the aerothrust aeroassisted maneuver with orbital change. The approach is to solve an optimization problem using the differential evolution algorithm with a temperature limitation. The spaceplane aerodynamic coefficients are determined by the numerical solution of the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations. The aerodynamic calculations are conducted for the cases of perfect and non-equilibrium gases. A comparison of optimal trajectories, control laws, and fuel costs is made between models of perfect and non-equilibrium gases. The effect of a chemically reacting gas on the finite parameters is also evaluated using control laws obtained for a perfect gas.     

Physical properties and long-term evolution of the debris clouds produced by two catastrophic collisions in Earth orbit

The population of cataloged orbital debris increased by approximately 40% in just a couple of years, from January 2007 to February 2009. This was due to two collisions in space, which involved the catastrophic destruction of three intact satellites (Fengyun 1C, Cosmos 2251 and Iridium 33) in high inclination orbits. Both events occurred in the altitude range already most affected by previous launch activity and breakup events, thus boosting the cataloged population in low Earth orbit by more than 60%.     

Stress analysis and damage evolution in individual plies of notched composite laminates subjected to in-plane loads

This work aims to investigate local stress distribution, damage evolution and failure of notched composite laminates under in-plane loads. An analytic method containing uniformed boundary equations using a complex variable approach is developed to present layer-by-layer stresses around the notch. The uniformed boundary equations established in series together with conformal mapping functions are capable of dealing with irregular boundary issues around the notch and at infinity. Stress results are employed to evaluate the damage initiation and propagation of notched composites by progressive damage analysis(PDA). A user-defined subroutine is developed in the finite element(FE) model based on coupling theories for mixed failure criteria and damage mechanics to efficiently investigate damage evolution as well as failure modes. Carbon/epoxy laminates with a stacking sequence of [45°/0°/ 60°/90°]sare used to investigate surface strains, in-plane load capacity and microstructure of failure zones to provide analytic and FE methods with strong validation. Good agreement is observed between the analytic method, the FE model and experiments in terms of the stress(strain) distributions, damage evaluation and ultimate strength, and the layerby-layer stress components vary according to a combination effect of fiber orientation and loading type, causing diverse failure modes in individuals.     

基于守恒型嵌合体技术的多段翼型缝道参数分段进化优化设计研究

在复杂外形流场模拟的嵌合体技术中引入守恒型MFBI算法,以改进传统嵌合体技术中子域间流场信息传递不守恒的缺陷,在标准遗传算法基础上采用分段进化的方式,同时以大迎角状态下的升力系数作为设计目标,针对基础构型的前后缘缝道参数,进行了遗传优化设计。最终的设计结果表明,相较于初始构型,其最大升力系数有明显的提升,且具有良好的失速特性。同时在增升装置嵌合体流场分析和优化设计表明,所采用的守恒型嵌合体技术,在大迎角流场优化中相较于传统的非守恒格式,具有更好的精度以及收敛特性,优化结果得到了一定的提高。     

创新资本、经济危机与产业演进

产业演进表现为朝阳产业对夕阳产业的不断替代,当夕阳产业利润率日益趋薄,资本积累呈现出垄断、虚拟、全球化和创新四种模式趋势,其中,前三种不包含产业升级,最终将导致经济危机,只有创新模式能够带来产业升级,引领经济走出危机。在危机中,必须调整产业结构,培育朝阳产业,同时,在人才、资金等方面为创新资本的运作创造良好条件。     

Origin and Evolution of the Light Nuclides

After a short historical (and highly subjective) introduction to the field, I discuss our current understanding of the origin and evolution of the light nuclides D, ³He, ⁴He, ⁶Li, ⁷Li, ⁹Be, ¹⁰B and ¹¹B. Despite considerable observational and theoretical progress, important uncertainties still persist for each and every one of those nuclides. The present-day abundance of D in the local interstellar medium is currently uncertain, making it difficult to infer the recent chemical evolution of the solar neighborhood. To account for the observed quasi-constancy of ³He abundance from the Big Bang to our days, the stellar production of that nuclide must be negligible; however, the scarce observations of its abundance in planetary nebulae seem to contradict this idea. The observed Be and B evolution as primaries suggests that the source composition of cosmic rays has remained ∼constant since the early days of the Galaxy, a suggestion with far reaching implications for the origin of cosmic rays; however, the main idea proposed to account for that constancy, namely that superbubbles are at the source of cosmic rays, encounters some serious difficulties. The best explanation for the mismatch between primordial Li and the observed “Spite-plateau” in halo stars appears to be depletion of Li in stellar envelopes, by some yet poorly understood mechanism. But this explanation impacts on the level of the recently discovered early “⁶Li plateau”, which (if confirmed), seriously challenges current ideas of cosmic ray nucleosynthesis.     

The European Large Area ISO Survey

The European Large Area ISO Survey (ELAIS) was the largest Open Time survey on the Infrared Space Observatory (ISO). It was designed to explore obscured galaxies and hence quantify the recent star-formation history of the Universe. The final reanalysis of the data has been completed and a band-merged catalogue with associations across many wavelengths compiled and released the data to the global astronomical community (http://astro.imperial.ac.uk/Elais/). This paper summarises some of the key results. Based on observations with ISO, an ESA project with instruments funded by ESA Member States (especially the PI countries: France, Germany, The Netherlands, and the United Kingdom), and with the participation of ISAS and NASA.