基于FPGA的星敏感器探测器制冷控制系统

星敏感器探测器用于得到精确的星图数据以解算出高精度的位置、姿态等信息。而星敏感器在轨运行时,需要控制探测器的工作温度,使其工作性能稳定可靠。文章提出了一种基于FPGA的星敏感器探测器制冷控制系统。该系统采用分段式数字PID控制算法生成脉冲宽度调制PWM波驱动半导体制冷器进行高精度制冷,电路结构简单、可靠性高。通过试验验证,该系统具有制冷响应快、超调量小、控温精度高的特点,控温精度可达±0.25℃。     

大视场红外星敏感器折反式光学系统设计

星敏感器是以恒星为探测对象的高精度空间姿态测量装置,广泛应用于卫星、航天飞机、导弹等必备的高精度姿态敏感部件。为了实现在特定环境要求下的精确应用,本文设计了可应用于近红外波长的红外光学系统。首先,根据既定的参数进行了初始结构的选型,并对马克苏托夫望远镜的形式进行了改进。然后,对设计结果进行了探测性能分析。随后对设计好的系统进行了公差分析及优化,使它能满足加工装配需求。最后,为光学系统设计了遮光罩,进行了杂散光分析。设计与分析结果表明：该探测光学系统折反射镜全表面采用球面,系统总长171.2mm,全视场14μm包围能量分布均在86%以上,0.8视场内最大畸变小于4μm。该系统视场大、结构紧凑、装调难度低、探测灵敏度高、探测范围广、温度适应性强,可在0.8～1.9μm近红外波段的宽光谱范围内进行高精度目标检测的准确检测。     

Preparing for space: Increasing technical readiness of low-cost high-performance remote sensing using high-altitude ballooning

Two widely available, small size, weight and power camera systems were flown above 97 % of Earth’s atmosphere and showed utility in single filter vegetation and soil analysis in a space analogue environment. The experiment was conducted as a low-cost verification and test analogue to flying on vastly more expensive low Earth orbit missions. Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was used as the metric by which performance was analysed for ground calibration testing, low and near-space altitude remote sensing. Ground calibration testing with a laboratory-grade spectrometer revealed that both cameras were able to return consistent NDVI results, and high-altitude balloon flight allowed similar data capture from an environment similar to space. Although compressed captured imagery had been processed using gamma correction and pre-image processing, these were able to be corrected provided that access to radiometrically-calibrated data was available. The two hobbyist cameras were shown to return scientifically useful results, demonstrating performance, and additionally their utility for citizen science applications in the near-space environment.     

适用于软体冲击动位移测量的磁敏检测系统

介绍了一种适用于诸如飞行器鸟撞实验的软体冲击动位移检测系统，提出了用霍尔磁敏器件为位移传感元件，新型线性补偿电路为中间处理环节的高频动位移非接触式测量方法。这一测试系统被用于某型号飞行嚣雷达罩的鸟撞实验位移测量中，效果十分理想。     

Examining the effects of anti-space weaponization arguments in the media: Some experimental findings from Canada

This study examines how political activists are framing the space weaponization debate in Canada and whether their arguments can influence public attitudes and perceptions about the issue. Eighty university students from two undergraduate courses were recruited as participants in a quasi-experiment. One class (n = 38) was exposed to the documentary Masters of Space, an episode of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation's program The Nature of Things, and another class (n = 42) served as the control group. Pre-test and post-test questionnaires were used to measure the effects of viewing anti-weaponization arguments in the media, while also controlling for the influence of prior beliefs and background characteristics of participants. Results suggest that visually depicting the use of satellite technology in society can convince viewers that satellites are important to their way of life, but not necessarily to the defense of North America. Framing missile defense as a ‘space weapon in disguise’ also seemed to raise opposition to Canada's participation in continental missile defense. The findings, meanwhile, indicate that viewers respond strongly to the issue of space debris and that mobilizing support for joint military space projects may best be achieved by emphasizing the usefulness of these projects for locating and tracking such debris. In the end, media exposure seemed to help legitimize anti-weaponization arguments based more on rational self-interests than on idealistic beliefs. These findings can have implications for the way space policies are communicated to the public.     

一种GEO卫星星敏感器热控设计

为解决目前地球静止轨道(GEO)卫星星敏感器热控设计复杂、实施难度大的问题,提出了一种辐射小舱式星敏感器热控设计方案。以东方红-4(DFH-4)平台GEO卫星星敏感器采用辐射小舱式热控设计方案为实例,利用热分析软件TMG建模进行了热分析验证,并根据分析结果对其布局进行了优化。优化结果表明:采用辐射小舱式热控设计方案时,星敏感器的在轨预示温度范围在-26.2～+22.2℃,能很好地满足其温度指标要求,设计方案合理可行,可为GEO卫星上同类设备的热控设计提供参考。     

Integration of GPS and low cost INS for pedestrian navigation aided by building layout

In outdoor environments, GPS is often used for pedestrian navigation by utilizing its signals for position computation, but in indoor or semi-obstructed environments, GPS signals are often unavailable. Therefore, pedestrian navigation for these environments should be realized by the integration of GPS and inertial navigation system （INS）. However, the lowcost INS could induce errors that may result in a large position drift. The problem can be minimized by mounting the sensors on the pedestrian＇s foot, using zero velocity update （ZUPT） method with the standard navigation algorithm to restrict the error growth. However, heading drift still remains despite using ZUPT measurements since the heading error is unobservable. Also, tbot mounted INS suffers from the initialization ambiguity of position and heading from GPS. In this paper, a novel algorithm is developed to mitigate the heading drift problem when using ZUPT. The method uses building lay- out to aid the heading measurement in Kalman filter, and it could also be combined for the initial- ization. The algorithm has been investigated with real field trials using the low cost Microstrain 3DM-GX3-25 inertial sensor, a Leica GS10 GPS receiver and a uBlox EVK-6T GPS receiver. It could be concluded that the proposed method offers a significant improvement in position accuracy for the long period, allowing pedestrian navigation for nearly40 min with mean position error less than 2.8 m. This method also has a considerable effect on the accuracy of the initialization.     

飞机驾驶舱自动调光系统中光照传感器布局设计

为满足飞机驾驶舱自动调光系统中环境光检测需要,本文提出一种光照传感器布局方法,该布局方法首先利用SPEOS光学仿真软件分析驾驶舱各区域在不同季节、航向、时间点时的环境光分布;其次,结合各区域发光器件分布情况,确定出光照传感器安装的候选位置;最后,在自然光环境下验证光照传感器候选位置的合理性,并根据验证结果确立光照传感器安装位置。该布局设计方法结合了光分布仿真分析的快速性、可重复性和自然光环境验测真实性的优点,能实现驾驶舱光照传感器的合理布置,为驾驶舱自动调光系统提供准确的环境光信息。     

Estimation of the Love and Shida numbers: h2, l2 using SLR data for the low satellites

In this paper we present results for the global elastic parameters: Love number h₂ and Shida number l₂ derived from the analysis of Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) data. SLR data for the two low satellites STELLA (H = 800 km) and STARLETTE (H = 810 km) observed during 2.5 years from January 3, 2005 until July 1, 2007 with 18 globally distributed ground stations were analyzed. The analysis was done separately for the two satellites. We do a sequential analysis and study the stability and convergence of the estimates as a function of length of the data set used.     

Venus observations from ENVISAT–SCIAMACHY: Measurements and modeling

This work shows the capability of observing Venus with a sensor originally designed for Earth remote sensing. SCIAMACHY (SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY), onboard ENVISAT, successfully observed visible and near-infrared spectra from the Venusian atmosphere. The Venus spectra were simulated using a line-by-line radiative transfer model. The single scattering approximation was applied in order to consider the effects of an approximately 20 km-thick haze layer above the main cloud deck, which was considered as a reflecting cloud located in the upper atmosphere of the planet. CO₂ absorption lines could be distinguished in both observed and simulated spectra and a good agreement between them was also found.