Local debris congestion in the geosynchronous environment with population augmentation

Forecasting of localized debris congestion in the geostationary (GEO) regime is performed to investigate how frequently near-miss events occur for each of the longitude slots in the GEO ring. The present-day resident space object (RSO) population at GEO is propagated forward in time to determine current debris congestion conditions, and new probability density functions that describe where GEO satellites are inserted into operational orbits are harnessed to assess longitude-dependent congestion in “business-as-usual” launch traffic, with and without re-orbiting at end-of-life. Congestion forecasting for a 50-year period is presented to illustrate the need for appropriately executed mitigation measures in the GEO ring. Results indicate that localized debris congestion will double within 50 years under current 80% re-orbiting success rates.     

CHANG'E-2 lunar escape maneuvers to the Sun–Earth L2 libration point mission

This paper addresses lunar escape maneuvers of the first Chinese Sun–Earth L2 libration point mission by the CHANG'E-2 satellite, which is also the world's first satellite to reach the L2 point from a lunar orbit. The lunar escape maneuvers are heavily constrained by the remaining propellant and the condition of telemetry, track and command, among others. First, these constraints are analyzed and summarized to design a target L2 Lissajous orbit and an initial transfer trajectory. Second, the maneuver mathematical models are studied. The multilevel maneuver schemes which consist of phasing maneuvers and a final lunar escape maneuver are designed for actual operations. Based on the scheme analysis and comparison, the 2-maneuver scheme with a 5.3-h-period phasing orbit is ultimately selected. Finally, the mission status based on the scheme is presented and the control operation results are discussed in detail. The methodology in this paper is especially beneficial and applicable to a future multi-mission instance in the deep space exploration.     

Cubature Kalman filtering for relative spacecraft attitude and position estimation

A novel relative spacecraft attitude and position estimation approach based on cubature Kalman filter is derived. The integrated sensor suit comprises the gyro sensors on each spacecraft and a vision-based navigation system on the deputy spacecraft. In the traditional algorithm, an assumption that the chief?s body frame coincides with its Local Vertical Local Horizontal (LVLH) frame is made to construct the line-of-sight observations for convenience. To solve this problem, two relative quaternions that map the chief?s LVLH frame to the deputy and chief body frames are involved. The general relative equations of motion for eccentric orbits are used to describe the positional dynamics. The implementation equations for the cubature Kalman filter are derived. Simulation results indicate that the proposed filter provides more accurate estimates of relative attitude and position over than the extended Kalman filter.     

月球轨道交会任务的远程导引变轨策略研究

对国内外月球轨道交会远程导引段变轨策略的2~5脉冲变轨方案进行了比较分析,在考虑月球轨道交会飞行任务测控资源有限和航天器所带燃料受限等特点的基础上,确定了我国月球轨道交会远程导引段的变轨策略为4脉冲方案;并介绍了在4脉冲基线轨道方案的基础上,进行标称轨道设计和月面上升窗口初步分析的结果。研究结果可为我国月球轨道交会对接任务提供参考。     

星载接收机通道时延实时校准方法

针对星间钟差测量及时间频率的精确传递的需求,通常情况都会在地面对卫星的收发通道时延进行准确标定,但在空间环境下设备老化和环境温度变化会导致收发通道时延逐渐偏离标定值。利用伪码相关测距的原理,结合时分早迟伪码相位交替调制技术和包络检波技术,提出了一种在轨通道时延自校准方法。通过3条闭合测量环路的建立,在不影响接收机正常收发通信的情况下,实时校准其收发通道时延。结果表明,该方法时延测量精度达到亚纳秒量级。     

一种基于多终端约束的最优制导方法

在航天器主发动机推力大小不可调的前提下,针对5个终端约束下传统迭代制导小角度修正假设的不足,对一种基于多终端约束的最优制导方法进行了研究。在入轨点轨道坐标系下建立航天器的最优控制模型,对横截条件方程组直接进行迭代求解获得制导角度指令,在此基础上,通过对开关机点进行优化以减小未被满足的终端位置约束的影响;进一步,推导了地心惯性系下等效的5个终端约束,并通过引入权重因子来提高制导方程数值求解的精度。标准条件下的仿真结果表明,所提制导方法与传统迭代制导相比,未被满足的终端位置约束精度提高了1595355m,而其余5个终端约束几乎不受影响;蒙特卡罗打靶仿真结果表明,所提制导方法对航天器初始位置和速度偏差具有一定的适用性。     

基于时差频差角度的低轨双星动目标融合跟踪方法

针对低轨双星时差频差定位系统在对运动目标定位中忽略其运动速度会引起较大的定位偏差以及定位跟踪的初值选取等问题,提出了一种对运动目标的双星时差频差信息融合主星的二维到达角（AOA）信息的融合无源跟踪新方法。首先建立测量模型和等高程目标运动状态模型,在此基础上采用扩展卡尔曼滤波（EKF）方法对运动目标进行跟踪定位。仿真分析表明,该方法可达到克拉美‐罗下限（CRLB ）,且收敛后对目标的速度和航向估计有较大的提高。     

改善机床运动的五轴刀轨光顺方法

建立了五轴数控加工刀轨光顺优化模型,改善了线性插补方式下拐角过渡运动中的机床加速度情况。考虑了5个轴加速能力的差异,以轴加速度比,即轴实际达到的最大加速度与其允许最大加速度的比值,来衡量轴的加速度情况,以5个轴加速度比的平方平均数在整体上衡量机床的加速度情况,降低该值可提高机床运动平稳性。采用最短距离线法在初始刀轨的各切触点处建立了刀轴偏航角和俯仰角的可行域,使光顺后的刀轨满足残高和无过切要求。实例表明:该方法可有效光顺五轴数控加工刀轨,改善机床加速度情况,提高机床运动平稳性。      

协同交互情境下双视图耦合的多用户身份识别

针对目前协同交互情境下,因遮挡和接触等因素引发的多人协作身份识别错误问题,提出一种双视图耦合的多用户身份识别方法.借助深度相机,分别通过骨骼运动跟踪和卡尔曼滤波建立双视图运动跟踪.利用双视图的用户运动跟踪数据构建相互关联的耦合有限状态机,对耦合关系中的具体运动状态进行分析,建立规则算法;引入实时正误标记值进行多用户身份识别的实时监控与耦合矫正.所提方法与基于单视图的多用户身份识别方法进行对比实验,结果表明,在协同交互情境下所提方法对多用户身份识别更具有鲁棒性.      

电磁航天器编队动力学建模与运动规划方法

基于电磁航天器作用原理,利用拉格朗日方法,建立电磁航天器“绳系”动力学模型.基于偏差线性化动力学模型,以切向、径向编队为例,分析编队构型保持稳定性,设计构型保持控制律;将双星电磁航天器编队(EMFF,Electromagnetic Formation Flight)重构运动规划问题转化为标准优化问题,利用高斯伪谱优化方法进行求解.并提出序列控制策略,将该双星模型扩展应用于多星电磁编队构型重构问题,转化为多阶段运动规划问题利用多阶段优化方法进行求解.仿真结果表明本文的动力学建模方法和控制方法是可行的.