基于波束锐化技术的SAR图像增强方法

在对给定的合成孔径雷达图像进行增强处理时 ,遇到的主要问题就是相位信息的丢失和对成像系统参数的一无所知。本文将波束锐化技术与合成孔径辐射方向性图的估计相结合 ,为处理此类数据提高图像的视在分辨率提供了一种方法。该处理过程由一个优化的有限冲激响应滤波器构成。滤波器的设计思想基于最小均方误差准则 ,系数对称分布 ,系数取值决定于原图像中孤立强散射点的方位向响应 ,因为此响应可以被近似视为成像系统的合成孔径辐射方向性图。点目标仿真表明雷达角分辨率能够提高近 2倍。实测数据处理结果证明了该方法的有效性     

大芯径大数值孔径光纤测试系统测量不确定度评定

简述了大芯径大数值孔径光纤测试系统的测量原理，建立了测试系统的数学模型并对该系统的测量不确定度进行了评定。     

一种适用于椭圆轨道的新型偏航导引规律

多普勒特性是星载合成孔径雷达(SAR)数据处理中关键参数之一,对方位向性能以及成像精度都有着非常重要的影响。基于轨道动力学理论,该文简要论述了传统偏航导引方法和全零多普勒方法,并分别分析了它们应用于椭圆轨道时的不足之处,提出了一种新的适用于椭圆轨道的偏航导引方法。利用TerraSAR\|X卫星轨道参数,分别使用这三种方法进行了数值仿真,仿真结果表明,使用新的偏航导引方法后,多普勒中心频率被减小到不超过5Hz,比传统的偏航导引方法缩小了约一百倍,比基于瞬时圆轨道的全零多普勒方法缩小了超过5倍,表明了该方法的优势及有效性。     

一种兼容GPS和BD系统的跟踪环路相干积分方法

在城市、峡谷等复杂环境下,卫星导航信号衰减严重,接收机导航定位性能变差,甚至不能工作,给国民生产生活带来诸多不便.提高接收机弱信号的跟踪能力,研究高性能的卫星导航接收机具有重要的意义和价值.在研究分析GPS、北斗D1导航电文的调制方式和相干积分方法的基础上,构建了一种改进直方图的位同步方法,该方法借鉴直方图的思想,通过设定比特跳变的统计门限上限和多组门限下限找到比特跳变边沿.在此基础上设计实现了一种长时间相干积分方法,该方法兼容GPS电文和北斗D1导航电文,可以有效地消除导航电文跳变或者NH码跳变带来的比特翻转.最后,在FPGA平台验证了该方法可以有效提高信号信噪比,以及接收机在弱信号环境下的跟踪能力.     

基于DEM的星载SAR图像模拟以及用于图像精校正

根据星载SAR的距离-多普勒成像原理对DEM的三维位置点进行成像几何位置的计算,然后根据经验公式给出了雷达后向散射系数的模拟方法。针对DEM格网间隔和SAR图像分辨率的不同,以及由于侧视成像雷达的特点而导致山区的迎坡和背坡模拟图像点密度不均匀等问题,采用了基于DEM格网点内插的算法。最后应用模拟的SAR图像和真实图像匹配来实现星载SAR图像的几何精校正处理。通过采用RADARSAT的实际图像进行了图像的模拟和几何校正,证明了方法的可行性。     

Relative amplitude of the total electron content variations depending on geomagnetic activity

We developed a method of estimation of a relative amplitude dI/I of the total electron content (TEC) variations in the ionosphere as deduced from the data of the global GPS receivers network. To obtain statistically significant results we picked out three latitudinal belts provided in the Internet by the maximum number of GPS sites. They are high-latitudinal belt (50–80°N, 200–300°E; 59 sites), mid latitude belt (20–50°N, 200–300°E; 817 sites), and equatorial belt (±20°N, 0–360°E; 76 sites). The results of the analysis of the diurnal and latitudinal dependencies of dI/I and dI/I distribution probability for 52 days with different levels of geomagnetic activity are presented. It was found that on average the relative amplitude of the TEC variations varies within the range 0–10% proportionally to the value of the K_p geomagnetic index. In quiet conditions the relative amplitude dI/I of the TEC variations at night significantly exceeds the daytime relative amplitude. At high levels of magnetic field disturbances, the geomagnetic control of the amplitude of TEC variations at high and middle latitudes is much more significant than the regular diurnal variations. At the equatorial belt, on average, the amplitude of TEC variations in quiet and disturbed periods almost does not differ. The obtained results may be useful for development of the theory of ionospheric irregularities.     

Behavior of tethered debris with flexible appendages

Active exploration of the space leads to growth of a near-Earth space pollution. The frequency of the registered collisions of space debris with functional satellites highly increased during last 10 years. As a rule a large space debris can be observed from the Earth and catalogued, then it is possible to avoid collision with the active spacecraft. However every large debris is a potential source of a numerous small debris particles. To reduce debris population in the near Earth space the large debris should be removed from working orbits. The active debris removal technique is considered that intend to use a tethered orbital transfer vehicle, or a space tug attached by a tether to the space debris. This paper focuses on the dynamics of the space debris with flexible appendages. Mathematical model of the system is derived using the Lagrange formalism. Several numerical examples are presented to illustrate the mutual influence of the oscillations of flexible appendages and the oscillations of a tether. It is shown that flexible appendages can have a significant influence on the attitude motion of the space debris and the safety of the transportation process.     

Evaluation and improvement of coastal GNSS reflectometry sea level variations from existing GNSS stations in Taiwan

Global sea level rise due to an increasingly warmer climate has begun to induce hazards, adversely affecting the lives and properties of people residing in low-lying coastal regions and islands. Therefore, it is important to monitor and understand variations in coastal sea level covering offshore regions. Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) data of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) have been successfully used to robustly derive sea level heights (SLHs). In Taiwan, there are a number of continuously operating GNSS stations, not originally installed for sea level monitoring. They were established in harbors or near coastal regions for monitoring land motion. This study utilizes existing SNR data from three GNSS stations (Kaohsiung, Suao, and TaiCOAST) in Taiwan to compute SLHs with two methods, namely, Lomb–Scargle Periodogram (LSP)-only, and LSP aided with tidal harmonic analysis developed in this study. The results of both methods are compared with co-located or nearby tide gauge records. Due to the poor quality of SNR data, the worst accuracy of SLHs derived from traditional LSP-only method exceeds 1?m at the TaiCOAST station. With our procedure, the standard deviations (STDs) of difference between GNSS-derived SLHs and tide gauge records in Kaohsiung and Suao stations decreased to 10?cm and the results show excellent agreement with tide gauge derived relative sea level records, with STD of differences of 7?cm and correlation coefficient of 0.96. In addition, the absolute GNSS-R sea level trend in Kaohsiung during 2006–2011 agrees well with that derived from satellite altimetry. We conclude that the coastal GNSS stations in Taiwan have the potential of monitoring absolute coastal sea level change accurately when our proposed methodology is used.     

方位维逆合成孔径雷达(ISAR)运动补偿成象中的预加处理

在方位维逆合成孔径雷达（ISAR）运动补偿成象中,为了获得方位维的高分辨力,需要处理的数据量很大。预加处理首先对原始数据进行频移和滤波,然后由滤波后的数据进行抽取,从而大大压缩了所需处理的数据,减小了运动补偿和成象的计算量,提高了成象处理速度。电磁仿真数据和外场实测数据的处理结果验证了预加处理的有效性。     

曲线合成孔径雷达最佳孔径研究

基于曲线合成孔径雷达原理与空间几何关系，讨论了曲线合成孔径雷达信号模型与成像方法，推导出目标的一维信号模型、二维信号模型，并将其扩展到了三维信号模型。考虑到不同的曲线孔径形状将对方位分辨率和高度分辨率有不同影响，详细研究了各种不同形状的曲线孔径，分析和对比了各种形状的孔径，给出了各自的优缺点和适用条件。结论是上下、左右对称的孔径形状较不对称的效果更优，L型孔径将导致很高的旁瓣。仿真实验可以对真实飞行航迹起指导作用。