签派工作负荷评估与人力资源配置研究

随着航空公司机队规模的不断扩大,运行航线不断增加,飞行签派员利用运行控制系统对每次飞行起始、持续、终止行使放行与监控的职权时,所需要投入的精力大幅提高。为了确保运行控制安全裕度,这就需要一套科学的评估体系来评估飞行签派员日常工作负荷,指导航空公司签派人力资源的配置,合理安排人员排班,优化系统功能。根据民航局咨询通告建议,通过对航空公司签派员工作负荷的评估实例,对推荐的方法进行应用,并优化计算。同时提出了对排班、系统和流程的优化方法。使用该方法在航空公司签派排班的应用,可优化资源,控制人为因素风险。     

半球陀螺谐振子环向振型进动特性研究

基于半球谐振子的实际加工结构特征,为降低维持半球谐振陀螺振动所需的能量损耗,建立半球谐振陀螺能量型谐振子数学模型,并研究半球谐振子绕中心轴旋转时环向振型的变化规律;通过分析半球谐振子顶端角、底端角和壁厚的非理想性对进动因子的影响,确定半球壳体旋转时应选取的最佳振型与进动因子。采用ANSYS软件构建一系列模型,验证有关理论研究结果。通过计算仿真分析可知,半球谐振子进动因子对顶端角变化的敏感性远大于对底端角变化的敏感性,且顶端角变化引起的角速度误差远大于相同底端角变化引起的角速度误差,为半球谐振陀螺的谐振子加工研制提供了理论依据。     

视频内窥镜技术在火箭管路上的应用

为检测火箭增压输送管路内表面缺陷,提高管路质量,开展了内窥镜技术在火箭管路内表面应用技术研究。介绍了内窥镜设备技术特点,内窥镜管路检测存在问题,设备探头选择和尺寸测量校准的工艺方法,对检测出的内表面缺陷类型进行归类总结,对难以定性的缺陷利用电镜和金相等技术进行微观分析。结果显示:采用视频内窥镜检测技术对火箭管路内表面进行检测时,应根据增压输送管路的内径尺寸优先选择直径较大的探头;采用标定缺陷对比法进行测量校准,其测量准确,现场检测适用性强;检测缺陷图像清晰,效果稳定,内表面缺陷类型定性准确,检测效果满足工艺要求。     

静压推力轴承各工况下的热油携带及油膜温升特性

针对静压推力轴承运行过程中油膜温度骤升问题,从轴承摩擦副润滑机理出发,阐述斜面式双矩形油垫静压轴承油膜热油携带现象,定义油膜热油携带因子,建立油膜温升数学模型.采用有限体积法,对外载荷工况0～30t及转速工况4～100r/min进行理论计算及ANSYS-FLUENT软件流体仿真分析,得出油膜温度分布及热油携带发生规律,...     

Impact of loading effects on determination of the International Terrestrial Reference Frame

The International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF), as a realization of the International Terrestrial Reference System (ITRS), is represented by a set of station positions and linear velocities. They are intended to be used as regularized coordinates to which some corrections should be added to access instantaneous coordinates. The latest ITRS realization is the ITRF2005, which has integrated time series of station positions to form long-term solutions for the four space geodetic techniques. Currently, a purely linear model is used to parameterize station displacements in the estimation process, plus occasional discontinuities in case of earthquakes or equipment changes. However the input data have been derived without applying surface loading models and so surface loading effects are supposed to be embedded in the coordinates as measured quantities. We evaluate the effect of applying a posteriori loading corrections, which include the effect of atmospheric, non-tidal ocean, and continental water loading, to time series of positions estimated from Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR), Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI), and Global Positioning System (GPS) data. We notice that they reduce about 50% or more of the annual signals in the translation and scale parameter time series of the SLR and VLBI techniques, except in SLR Z translation. In general, the estimated secular frame definition is negligibly affected and estimated positions and velocities are not significantly modified for stations that have accumulated a large number of observations. A multi-technique combination of such derived frames allows concluding that, for some cases, loading model corrections might degrade co-located station coordinates almost as much as they benefit them. However, most significant improvement of the estimated secular coordinates is observed for stations with less than 100 estimated positions as demonstrated with a multi-technique combination.     

基于GPS对地球同步轨道自动转移飞行器进行导航的可行性分析

研究利用GPS对地球同步轨道自动转移飞行器进行导航的方法,分析了飞行器在转移过程中可用的GPS卫星数目,在地心惯性坐标系下建立了惯导误差和GPS的伪距、伪距变率模型,采用渐消因子的自适应卡尔曼滤波对飞行器进行组合导航.仿真结果表明,可用GPS卫星的数目随着飞行器高度的增高而减少,因此无法利用单一历元观测信息直接对飞行器导航.但采用多历元观测信息和动力学模型相结合的滤波方法可对飞行器进行组合导航,当飞行器初始位置偏差为1 km,初始速度偏差为1 m/s,伪距及伪距变率观测均方差分别为10 m和0.05 m/s时,地球同步轨道自动转移飞行器的最终位置偏差小于50 m,速度偏差小于0.02 m/s.      

利用变环境试验数据的可靠性综合评估

研究了试验环境对产品可靠性的影响,提出一种利用变环境试验数据的可靠性综合评估方法.利用Cox比例风险模型来描述产品的可靠性与试验环境因素的关系,给出不同环境因素对产品可靠性影响的定量度量.结合产品的可靠性模型提出一种数据折合方法.分别以指数分布和双参数Weibull分布为例,把不同环境条件下的试验数据折合为相同环境条件下的试验数据,进而利用这些试验数据对产品进行可靠性综合评估.该方法综合利用产品在不同环境条件下的试验数据,扩大了样本量,提高了产品可靠性评估精度.实例表明该方法合理可行,便于工程应用.     

空间计量与脉冲星导航

以脉冲星导航技术为背景,讨论了空间计量理论中时间测量的关键问题。首先介绍了脉冲星导航的基本原理,和不同坐标系之间的时间尺度转换,比较了不同坐标系时间轴度规对脉冲星的脉冲轮廓测量的影响,说明只有太阳系质心坐标时能够正确测量脉冲轮廓。进而介绍了空间计量提出的两种时间统一的模式:地球卫星导航模式和脉冲星导航模式。以脉冲星导航为例,讨论了基于SI秒绝对定义和太阳系质心坐标时的广域时间统一的方法,给出用航天器原时坐标轴伸缩法修正多普勒效应的公式。最后提出在大尺度广域时空中构建新的守时系统—太阳系质心守时系统的设计思路。     

石英玻璃的机械振动能量损耗特性

为研究石英玻璃的机械振动能量损耗特性，以石英半球谐振子为实验对象，考察了铣磨、抛光、刻蚀和退火对石英玻璃机械振动能量损耗大小的影响，并分析其作用机理。研究结果表明：对于机械加工成型的石英玻璃，表面损耗占主导作用，亚表面损伤是造成表面损耗的主要原因；退火可以消除机械应力，降低石英玻璃的“假想温度”，改善石英玻璃的结构稳定性，减小本征损耗。     

F-region ionospheric parameters observed in the equatorial and low latitude regions during medium solar activity in the Brazilian sector and comparison with the IRI-2007 model results

The ionospheric sounding observations using the Canadian Advanced Digital Ionosondes (CADIs) operational at Palmas (PAL; 10.2°S, 48.2°W; dip latitude 6.6°S; a near-equatorial station), and São José dos Campos (SJC, 23.2°S, 45.9°W; dip latitude 17.6°S; a low-latitude station located under the southern crest of the equatorial ionospheric anomaly), Brazil, are analyzed during the different seasons viz., winter (June and July 2003), spring (September and October 2003), summer (December 2003 and January 2004), and fall (March and April 2004). The period used has medium solar activity (sunspot number between 77.4 and 39.3). The seasonal mean variations (using only geomagnetically quiet days) of the ionospheric parameters foF2 (critical frequency of the F-region), hpF2 (virtual height at 0.834 foF2; considered to be close to hmF2 (peak height of the F-region)), and h’F (minimum virtual height of the F-region) are calculated and compared between PAL and SJC. The prominent differences between PAL and SJC are as follows: h’F variations show strong post-sunset enhancement at PAL during the seasons of spring, summer, and fall; hpF2 variations show pre-sunrise uplifting of the F-layer at both stations during all the seasons and the hpF2 values during the daytime are lower at SJC compared with PAL during all the seasons; the foF2 variations show mid-day bite-out at PAL during all the seasons and SJC shows strong equatorial ionospheric anomaly during summer and fall seasons. Also, the seasonal variations of the ionospheric parameters foF2 and hpF2 (with ±1 standard deviation) observed at PAL and SJC are compared with the IRI-2007 model results of foF2 and hmF2. In addition, variations of the foF2 and hpF2 observed at SJC are compared with the IRI-2001 model results of foF2 and hmF2. It should be pointed out that the ionospheric parameter hpF2 is much easier to obtain using computer program developed at UNIVAP compared with hmF2 (using POLAN program). During the daytime due to underlying ionization hpF2 estimated is higher (approximately 50 km) than the true peak height hmF2. During the nighttime hpF2 is fairly close to hmF2. The comparison between the foF2 variations observed at PAL and SJC with the IRI-2007 model results shows a fairly good agreement during all the seasons. However, the comparison between the hpF2 variations observed at PAL and SJC with the hmF2 variations with the IRI-2007 model results shows: (1) a fairly good agreement during the nighttime in all the seasons; (2) the model results do not show the pre-sunrise uplifting of the F-layer at PAL and SJC in any season; (3) the model results do not show the post-sunset uplifting of the F-layer at PAL; (4) considering that, in general, hpF2 is higher than hmF2 during the daytime by about 50 km, the model results are in good agreement at PAL and SJC during all the seasons except summer at SJC, when large discrepancies in the observed hpF2 and modeled hmF2 are observed. Also, it has been observed that, in general, hmF2 values for SJC calculated using IRI-2001 are higher than IRI-2007 during the daytime in winter, summer, and fall. However, hmF2 values for SJC calculated using IRI-2001, are lower than IRI-2007 during the nighttime in spring.