基于GPS对地球同步轨道自动转移飞行器进行导航的可行性分析

研究利用GPS对地球同步轨道自动转移飞行器进行导航的方法,分析了飞行器在转移过程中可用的GPS卫星数目,在地心惯性坐标系下建立了惯导误差和GPS的伪距、伪距变率模型,采用渐消因子的自适应卡尔曼滤波对飞行器进行组合导航.仿真结果表明,可用GPS卫星的数目随着飞行器高度的增高而减少,因此无法利用单一历元观测信息直接对飞行器导航.但采用多历元观测信息和动力学模型相结合的滤波方法可对飞行器进行组合导航,当飞行器初始位置偏差为1 km,初始速度偏差为1 m/s,伪距及伪距变率观测均方差分别为10 m和0.05 m/s时,地球同步轨道自动转移飞行器的最终位置偏差小于50 m,速度偏差小于0.02 m/s.      

基于快速平行因子分解的声矢量传感器阵二维DOA估计

将声矢量传感器阵列参数估计问题与平行因子(Parallel factor,PARAFAC)模型相结合,提出了一种基于快速PARAFAC分解的二维波达方向(Direction of arrival,DOA)估计算法。该算法首先将接收信号构建为PARAFAC模型,然后在数据域对参数矩阵进行初估计,最后利用PARAFAC分解获得信号二维DOA估计。该算法能够应用于任意结构的声矢量传感器阵列,同时能够得到和信源一一匹配的仰角和方位角估计。借助于参数矩阵的初始估计,所提算法收敛速度较快,其计算复杂度大大降低。该算法角度估计性能接近于PARAFAC算法,同时优于借助旋转不变性进行信号参数估计(Estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance technique,ESPRIT)算法和传播算子(Propagator method,PM)算法。     

一种新型RLV再入轨迹在线规划方法

针对可重复使用运载器(Reusable Launch Vehicle, RLV)再入轨迹在线规划问题,提出了一种基于割线法的标准轨迹快速生成方法。该方法以驻点热流、法向过载、动压和平衡滑翔限制为再入过程约束,以再入初始点和结束点的高度、速度为再入端点约束;在阻力加速度-速度平面内建立约束模型后,设计了折线形式的标准轨迹;采用割线法迭代计算轨迹转折点以调整轨迹形状,使最终规划轨迹对应的航程和终端点速度同时满足设计需求。最后取3种不同航程的再入情况进行了数值仿真。仿真结果表明,所提出的方法能够在1秒内完成再入轨迹规划,并在一定航程范围内适用,能够满足在线设计标准再入轨迹的实时要求。     

单元表面间辐射传递系数的新型计算方法

通过对辐射能量传递过程的分解，建立辐射传递系数与角系数之间的关系，提出了一种计算具有漫反射辐射界面特性的单元表面之间辐射传递系数的新型计算方法。该方法分离了单元表面辐射特性和几何特性对辐射传递系数的影响。分别采用新方法和蒙特卡洛法计算了立方体内部单元表面之间的辐射传递系数，并且从理论上对两种计算方法的耗时性和计算精度进行了分析比较。结果表明，相对于蒙特卡洛法，该方法所需的计算时间更少，而且不随单元表面吸收率的变化而变化；在计算精度上，该方法相对于蒙特卡洛法具有更高计算精度。     

论加速可靠性增长试验(Ⅲ)分组数据的图方法

基于Arrhenius－幂律模型，给出了分析恒定应力加速可靠性增长试验分组数据的图方法。它们包括：增长趋势、幂律模型的拟合优度、相同故障机理及拟合加速方法的图检验；幂律模型参数、加速方程系数、加速系数、激活能及正常与加速应用水平下MTBF的图估计，并用实例说明这些方法。     

整机基本可靠性与任务可靠性指标协同分配方法

在总结整机可靠性分配工作的工程约束的基础上,针对性地提出了一种实用性好的整机基本可靠性指标与任务可靠性指标协调分配模型。该模型在某教练飞机的可靠性分配中进行了运用,证实了该模型的合理性与工程适用性。     

基于飞行剖面的作战飞机任务可靠性评估方法

针对作战飞机故障数据的特点,分析了作战飞机不同飞行剖面对其任务可靠性的影响.在此基础上,定义了飞行剖面折合系数、建立了作战飞机任务可靠性模型.基于该模型给出了作战飞机在不同飞行剖面下的任务可靠性评估方法.针对想定任务剖面,采用剖面合成的方法把其处理为典型飞行剖面的线性组合,并由此给出了作战飞机在想定剖面下任务可靠性的预测方法.实例表明基于飞行剖面的作战飞机任务可靠性评估方法合理可行,便于工程应用.     

利用变环境试验数据的可靠性综合评估

研究了试验环境对产品可靠性的影响,提出一种利用变环境试验数据的可靠性综合评估方法.利用Cox比例风险模型来描述产品的可靠性与试验环境因素的关系,给出不同环境因素对产品可靠性影响的定量度量.结合产品的可靠性模型提出一种数据折合方法.分别以指数分布和双参数Weibull分布为例,把不同环境条件下的试验数据折合为相同环境条件下的试验数据,进而利用这些试验数据对产品进行可靠性综合评估.该方法综合利用产品在不同环境条件下的试验数据,扩大了样本量,提高了产品可靠性评估精度.实例表明该方法合理可行,便于工程应用.     

Impact of loading effects on determination of the International Terrestrial Reference Frame

The International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF), as a realization of the International Terrestrial Reference System (ITRS), is represented by a set of station positions and linear velocities. They are intended to be used as regularized coordinates to which some corrections should be added to access instantaneous coordinates. The latest ITRS realization is the ITRF2005, which has integrated time series of station positions to form long-term solutions for the four space geodetic techniques. Currently, a purely linear model is used to parameterize station displacements in the estimation process, plus occasional discontinuities in case of earthquakes or equipment changes. However the input data have been derived without applying surface loading models and so surface loading effects are supposed to be embedded in the coordinates as measured quantities. We evaluate the effect of applying a posteriori loading corrections, which include the effect of atmospheric, non-tidal ocean, and continental water loading, to time series of positions estimated from Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR), Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI), and Global Positioning System (GPS) data. We notice that they reduce about 50% or more of the annual signals in the translation and scale parameter time series of the SLR and VLBI techniques, except in SLR Z translation. In general, the estimated secular frame definition is negligibly affected and estimated positions and velocities are not significantly modified for stations that have accumulated a large number of observations. A multi-technique combination of such derived frames allows concluding that, for some cases, loading model corrections might degrade co-located station coordinates almost as much as they benefit them. However, most significant improvement of the estimated secular coordinates is observed for stations with less than 100 estimated positions as demonstrated with a multi-technique combination.     

F-region ionospheric parameters observed in the equatorial and low latitude regions during medium solar activity in the Brazilian sector and comparison with the IRI-2007 model results

The ionospheric sounding observations using the Canadian Advanced Digital Ionosondes (CADIs) operational at Palmas (PAL; 10.2°S, 48.2°W; dip latitude 6.6°S; a near-equatorial station), and São José dos Campos (SJC, 23.2°S, 45.9°W; dip latitude 17.6°S; a low-latitude station located under the southern crest of the equatorial ionospheric anomaly), Brazil, are analyzed during the different seasons viz., winter (June and July 2003), spring (September and October 2003), summer (December 2003 and January 2004), and fall (March and April 2004). The period used has medium solar activity (sunspot number between 77.4 and 39.3). The seasonal mean variations (using only geomagnetically quiet days) of the ionospheric parameters foF2 (critical frequency of the F-region), hpF2 (virtual height at 0.834 foF2; considered to be close to hmF2 (peak height of the F-region)), and h’F (minimum virtual height of the F-region) are calculated and compared between PAL and SJC. The prominent differences between PAL and SJC are as follows: h’F variations show strong post-sunset enhancement at PAL during the seasons of spring, summer, and fall; hpF2 variations show pre-sunrise uplifting of the F-layer at both stations during all the seasons and the hpF2 values during the daytime are lower at SJC compared with PAL during all the seasons; the foF2 variations show mid-day bite-out at PAL during all the seasons and SJC shows strong equatorial ionospheric anomaly during summer and fall seasons. Also, the seasonal variations of the ionospheric parameters foF2 and hpF2 (with ±1 standard deviation) observed at PAL and SJC are compared with the IRI-2007 model results of foF2 and hmF2. In addition, variations of the foF2 and hpF2 observed at SJC are compared with the IRI-2001 model results of foF2 and hmF2. It should be pointed out that the ionospheric parameter hpF2 is much easier to obtain using computer program developed at UNIVAP compared with hmF2 (using POLAN program). During the daytime due to underlying ionization hpF2 estimated is higher (approximately 50 km) than the true peak height hmF2. During the nighttime hpF2 is fairly close to hmF2. The comparison between the foF2 variations observed at PAL and SJC with the IRI-2007 model results shows a fairly good agreement during all the seasons. However, the comparison between the hpF2 variations observed at PAL and SJC with the hmF2 variations with the IRI-2007 model results shows: (1) a fairly good agreement during the nighttime in all the seasons; (2) the model results do not show the pre-sunrise uplifting of the F-layer at PAL and SJC in any season; (3) the model results do not show the post-sunset uplifting of the F-layer at PAL; (4) considering that, in general, hpF2 is higher than hmF2 during the daytime by about 50 km, the model results are in good agreement at PAL and SJC during all the seasons except summer at SJC, when large discrepancies in the observed hpF2 and modeled hmF2 are observed. Also, it has been observed that, in general, hmF2 values for SJC calculated using IRI-2001 are higher than IRI-2007 during the daytime in winter, summer, and fall. However, hmF2 values for SJC calculated using IRI-2001, are lower than IRI-2007 during the nighttime in spring.