热防护中的粒状剥蚀问题研究

粒状剥蚀是机械剥蚀的主要形式之一,对纤维复合材料的热防护性能有重要影响。通过理论分析得到了烧蚀达到稳定状态时纤维形状的表达式,在此基础上建立了粒状剥蚀问题的力学分析模型。通过受力分析,采用莫尔破坏准则建立了判断纤维复合材料是否发生粒状剥蚀的条件。根据判别条件,材料纤维和基体的性能差异、外流场速度以及纤维尺寸都将显著地影响纤维复合材料的剥蚀性能。     

辐射换热对平板气膜冷却性能影响

为了分析辐射换热对平板气膜冷却性能的影响,分别对不考虑辐射换热(耦合计算)与考虑辐射换热两种条件下的平板隔热屏进行了三维流热耦合数值模拟研究,并与绝热壁(不考虑隔热屏固壁导热)的计算结果进行了对比。辐射换热采用离散坐标法。得到了3种不同主/次流总温比(Rt)条件下气膜冷却效果、流场、单位面积冷流体热负荷以及流量系数的对比结果与变化规律。结果表明:气膜冷却效果沿流向逐渐降低,且随总温比的增加而降低;在展向上气膜冷却效果呈现中间高两边低的分布规律,最大与最小相对值在绝热壁条件下达到最大,为94.5%,辐射换热次之,为13.5%,不考虑辐射换热时最小,为9.8%。与不考虑辐射换热结果相比,辐射换热对气膜冷却效果的影响在流动方向逐渐变大,气膜孔附近展向温度梯度增大,冷流体热负荷增加了92.8%,二者计算的流量系数相差不大,为1.1%,与绝热壁计算结果相比,流量系数减小了13.1%。随着总温比增加流量系数减小,最大值与最小值相差不大,为1.1%。     

Aerothermodynamic and stability analyses of a deployable re-entry capsule

Recent research projects, in the field of atmospheric re-entry technology, are focused on the design of deployable, umbrella-like Thermal Protection Systems (TPSs). These TPSs are made of flexible high temperature resistant fabrics, folded at launch and deployed in space for de-orbit and re-entry operations. In the present paper two possible sphere–cone configurations for the TPS have been investigated from an aerodynamic point of view. The analyzed configurations are characterized by the same reentry mass and maximum diameter, but have different half-cone angles (45° and 60°). The analyses involve both the evaluation of thermal and aerodynamic loads and the assessment of the capsule longitudinal stability. The aerothermodynamic analysis has been performed for the completely deployed heat shield in transitional and continuum regimes, while the longitudinal stability has been analyzed in free molecular, transitional and continuum regimes, also taking into consideration the heat shield deployment sequence at high altitudes.     

Optimized Fuzzy Clustering Method for Health Monitoring of Shield Tunnels

Since health monitoring of shield tunnels generally employs multiple sensors belonging to different types,a fine analysis on massive monitoring data,as well as further quantitative health grading,is really challenging.An optimized fuzzy clustering analysis method based on the fuzzy equivalence relation is proposed for health monitoring of shield tunnels.Clustering results are auto-generated by using fuzzy similarity-valued map.The results follow the idea of unsupervised classification.Moreover,a convenient new health index HI is proposed for a fast tunnel-health grading.A case study on Nanjing Yangtze River Tunnel is presented to validate this method.Three types of indicators,namely soil pressure,pore water pressure and steel strain,are used to develop the clustering model.The clustering results are verified by analyzing the engineering geological conditions;the validity and the efficacy of the proposed method are also demonstrated.Further,the fuzzy clustering analysis also represents a potential for identifying abnormal monitoring data.This investigation indicates the fuzzy clustering analysis method is capable of characterizing the fuzziness of tunnel health,and beneficial to clarify the tunnel health evaluation uncertainties.     

两级运载火箭回收方案设想

文章通过对K—1运载火箭的回收方案进行分析研究,提出回收质量分别为10t和20t的两级运载火箭的回收方案设想。文章指出,根据现有的回收技术水平,对运载火箭的回收是完全可行的。     

飞行器空中回收

文中详细介绍了飞行器空中钩取的回收方法和空中钩取作业的主要技术关键。     

柔性多层冲击空间碎片防护结构设计与试验

充气展开密封结构是未来空间站以及大型空间居住舱的理想构建形式,其外蒙皮由气密层、增强层、微流星体和空间碎片防护层、辐射保护层以及热控层组成。为了既满足对空间碎片的防护,又满足折叠、收纳以及展开的要求,空间碎片防护层需要采用多层冲击防护结构设计。基于多层冲击防护结构,采用国产的玄武岩纤维材料和芳纶织物的特性参数,根据弹道极限方程设定了柔性空间碎片防护层的设计参数,并通过高速撞击试验对根据设计参数生产的试验件进行了试验验证,试验结果与柔性多层冲击防护结构的弹道极限方程吻合较好。     

神舟号载人飞船回收着陆分系统设计与性能评估

文章描述了神舟号载人飞船回收着陆分系统的技术设计 ,总结了系统设计的特点及技术进步 ,并对系统的性能进行了评估 ,以期对型号后续研制提供参考和借鉴     

增强型MLI碎片防护能力的超高速撞击试验研究

采用超高速撞击试验的方法研究了多层隔热材料单元数、增强性材料添加层数、增强性材料添加位置及增强性材料属性等因素对增强型MLI防护性能的影响。试验结果显示,增加MLI单元数和添加增强性材料均可增加MLI的防护能力,但提高幅度会随着添加层数的增加而变小。     

双S弯二元排气系统遮挡偏距比对壁温与红外辐射影响的试验研究

为了探究不同遮挡偏距比双S弯排气系统的红外特性,试验研究了遮挡偏距比为55%和100%的双S弯二元排气系统的壁面温度分布和红外辐射特性,并与相应的基准轴对称排气系统进行了对比分析。结果表明：S弯喷管壁温整体要比基准轴对称喷管高约25%,第一S弯下游的上壁面附近存在局部高温区,提高S弯喷管遮挡偏距比后,温度梯度加剧,热应力集中。与基准轴对称排气系统相比,55%和100%遮挡偏距比双S弯二元排气系统均具有突出的红外抑制效果,正尾向（α=0°）红外辐射强度分别降低77.7%和79.3%。从温度和红外辐射强度综合评价,遮挡偏距比并非全遮挡最好,遮挡偏距比从55%提高到100%后,仅能有效抑制上方探测面α=5°和10°的红外辐射,而基本不会改变尾向其他探测方向的红外辐射,在工程设计时应权衡优化损失。