Prediction of Group Delay Distribution Around Receiving Point Using Modified IRI Model and IGRF Model

The international reference ionosphere (IRI) model is generally accepted standard ionosphere model. It describes the ionosphere environment in quiet state and predicts the ionosphere parameters within a certain precision. In this paper, we have made a breakthrough in the application of the IRI model by modifying the model for regions of China. The main objectives of this modification are to construct the ionosphere parameters foF2 and M (3000) F2 by using the Chinese reference ionosphere (CRI) coefficients, appropriately increase hmE and hmF2 height, reduce the thickness of F layer, validate the parameter by the measured values, and solve the electron concentration distribution with quasi-parabolic segment (QPS). In this paper, 3D ray tracing algorithm is constructed based on the modified IRI model and international geomagnetic reference field (IGRF) model. In short-wave propagation, it can be used to predict the electromagnetic parameters of the receiving point, such as the receiving area, maximum useable frequency (MUF) and the distribution of the group delay etc., which can help to determine the suitability of the communication. As an example, we estimate the group delay distributions around Changchun in the detection from Qingdao to Changchun using the modified IRI model and IGRF model, and provide technical support for the short-wave communication between the two cities.     

USO-KBR测距系统建模与仿真

K频段微波测距(KBR)系统是低-低卫星跟踪卫星(SST-LL)重力测量卫星的关键载荷之一,其性能直接影响地球重力场空间变化率的测定结果,而KBR系统中超稳振荡器(USO)的稳定度对KBR系统整体测距精度有着重要影响。文章根据双向测量载波相位对比原理和USO幂率谱模型,对KBR系统进行了建模。首先,描述了测距系统的基本原理、系统功能组成及适用于KBR系统的数学模型;然后,利用Matlab软件对"重力恢复和气候实验"(GRACE)卫星的KBR系统进行了仿真。仿真结果表明,采用该模型和方法后获得的双向测距中误差(RMSE)为9.81μm,与公布的GRACE卫星KBR系统10μm的中误差相符。文章为KBR系统的工程设计提供了仿真分析工具,可为工程应用提供设计参考。     

真三维立体显示系统中的体视观察算法分析与实现

在简要介绍真三维立体显示系统的基础上,以直线运动模型为出发点,对其中的体视观察算法进行了数学分析,并对可视体素进行了定义。最后结合象空间的光线投影法,提出了一种有针对性的体视观察算法实现思路。     

新型通用进气道类复杂腔体结构电磁散射计算方法

 利用Unigraphics（UG）内部基于非均匀有理B样条（NURBS）的建模技术,采用UG二次开发,实现了在任意腔体中射线路径准确追踪,寻迹效率较高。提出一种射线追踪的新方法,解决了传统弹跳射线法（SBR）确定射线路径困难、精度不高和效率较低的问题。在此新方法基础之上开发了可以计算任意形状进气道类复杂电大腔体及角形结构雷达散射截面（RCS）的计算软件,实现了腔体建模与RCS计算的无缝集成,不用对腔体进行网格剖分,计算精度和效率都较高,使用方便,通用性好,具有较高的工程应用价值。使用该软件计算了圆形直腔、二面角和S形进气道的RCS,结果与其他方法吻合良好,具有比较好的计算精度。     

Fast solar radiation pressure modelling with ray tracing and multiple reflections

Physics based SRP (Solar Radiation Pressure) models using ray tracing methods are powerful tools when modelling the forces on complex real world space vehicles. Currently high resolution (1?mm) ray tracing with secondary intersections is done on high performance computers at UCL (University College London). This study introduces the BVH (Bounding Volume Hierarchy) into the ray tracing approach for physics based SRP modelling and makes it possible to run high resolution analysis on personal computers. The ray tracer is both general and efficient enough to cope with the complex shape of satellites and multiple reflections (three or more, with no upper limit). In this study, the traditional ray tracing technique is introduced in the first place and then the BVH is integrated into the ray tracing. Four aspects of the ray tracer were tested for investigating the performance including runtime, accuracy, the effects of multiple reflections and the effects of pixel array resolution.Test results in runtime on GPS IIR and Galileo IOV (In Orbit Validation) satellites show that the BVH can make the force model computation 30–50 times faster. The ray tracer has an absolute accuracy of several nanonewtons by comparing the test results for spheres and planes with the analytical computations. The multiple reflection effects are investigated both in the intersection number and acceleration on GPS IIR, Galileo IOV and Sentinel-1 spacecraft. Considering the number of intersections, the 3rd reflection can capture $99.12\%\text{,}99.14\%$, and $91.34\%$ of the total reflections for GPS IIR, Galileo IOV satellite bus and the Sentinel-1 spacecraft respectively. In terms of the multiple reflection effects on the acceleration, the secondary reflection effect for Galileo IOV satellite and Sentinel-1 can reach 0.2?$\text{nm}/{\text{s}}^2$ and 0.4?$\text{nm}/{\text{s}}^2$ respectively. The error percentage in the accelerations magnitude results show that the 3rd reflection should be considered in order to make it less than $0.035\%$. The pixel array resolution tests show that the dimensions of the components have to be considered when choosing the spacing of the pixel in order not to miss some components of the satellite in ray tracing. This paper presents the first systematic and quantitative study of the secondary and higher order intersection effects. It shows conclusively the effect is non-negligible for certain classes of misson.     

进口型线水平投影可控的变截面内收缩进气道设计

发展了一种进口型线水平投影可控的三维变截面内收缩进气道设计方法。基于反正切马赫数分布基准流场,在指定进口型线水平投影为椭圆和出口为圆的条件下,结合流线追踪和截面渐变技术设计了光滑过渡的内收缩进气道。在设计点(M_(ai)=5.4)和接力点(M_(ai)=4.0)对其进行数值仿真,计算结果表明,设计点时进气道的主要流动特性与基准流场基本一致,无黏时可以捕获98%的自由来流,喉道性能与基准流场基本相等。相对椭圆进口进气道,截面渐变的椭圆转圆进气道流场结构相似且性能下降较小,有黏条件下设计点和接力点时喉道总压恢复系数分别降低了2.9%和1.2%。此外,该进气道表现出良好的总体性能,接力点的流量系数达0.82。     

密切曲面内锥乘波前体进气道设计和试验研究

介绍了密切曲面内锥乘波前体进气道（Osculating Inward turning Cone Waverider Inlet,OICWI）的一体化设计方法,对该型乘波前体进气道的性能进行了数值分析,针对该型一体化乘波前体进气道完成了风洞试验研究。理论设计结果和设计状态无粘模拟结果一致,设计状态下的计算结果表明,前体进气道具有较高的总压恢复、较好出口流场均匀度及较高的流量捕获率。试验研究结果表明,改型一体化前体进气道在马赫数5～7条件下顺利启动,流场波系及压力分布同数值分析结果吻合。     

电离层拟合方法及路径参数量化分析

针对多层电离层,采用反抛物层作为连接层来描述电离层之间区域的电子密度分布.以电子密度和其相对于高度的一阶偏导数连续为依据,拟合出连接层的临界频率、半厚度和底高等电离层参数.将电离层的准抛物模型和连接层的反抛物模型中计算出来的等离子频率代入Appleton-Hartree公式和Snell定理,结合射线的几何结构完成多层电离层中的射线追踪,同时计算群路径、相路径和传输距离这3种重要的路径参数.分析当给定频率时,路径参数与入射角之间的关系,群路径、相路径与传输距离之间的关系,频率对路径参数之间变化关系的影响;同时分析了给定入射角时,路径参数与射线工作频率之间关系和入射角对于路径参数之间变化关系的影响.     

半透明高温涂层的内部辐射效应

为了准确计算涂层和金属基底内的温度和热流，需要考虑涂层内部热辐射的影响。采用光线踪迹／节点分析法对吸收、各向同性散射性非灰涂层内的辐射与导热瞬态耦合换热进行数值模拟。与多个文献的计算结果比较表明，计算方法正确，计算结果精度高。数值模拟结果表明，忽略涂层内的热辐射会使实际运动中的金属部件温度高于设计温度。