卫星定位导航算法研究中卫星运动参数及导航星选取的仿真

在卫星定位导航系统的定位算法研究过程中，导航卫星星座中各卫星的运动参数，包括位置和速度参数，是进行研究的基础。因此在这一过程中，必须根据需要生成仿真卫星运动参数。针对定位卫星星座的特点，推导了适用于进行算法研究的导航卫星运动参数的仿真公式。在此基础上，依据卫星定位用户工作的方式特点，给出了一种判断用户机可视卫星的公式。作为算例，最后给出了以ＧＰＳ参数为基础的导航卫星星座运动参数的仿真结果     

用GPS评定IMU（惯性测量装置）误差

在导弹飞行试验时，基于ＧＰＳ的弹道基准系统可替代常规雷达。由于ＧＰＳ弹道基准的精度高，所以可用来评定导弹惯性测量装置的性能。在两发现役的和平保卫者导弹发射前配置了ＧＰＳ转发器和三波段天线。根据ＧＰＳ测量的矩离、矩离增量数据，用卡尔曼滤波方法评定各个ＩＭＵ误差，结果证明ＧＰＳ优于雷达。     

单馈点圆极化GPS微带天线

在腔模理论基础上利用微扰方法分析与设计了单馈点圆极化微带贴片天线。通过对于GPS的单馈点圆极化微带贴片天线测试表明，结果与设计预估十分一致。天线除结构紧凑，易于微波集成外，还具有十分优良的圆对称半球波束，良好的广角圆极化和阻抗匹配特性，对GPS应用来说是一种性能优良的天线。     

INS辅助的GPS接收机跟踪环结构和性能分析

分析了GPS/INS的不同组合方式,研究了GPS接收机跟踪环的结构,给出了多普勒频移和时钟误差频率的外部估计方法,提出了一种使用低成本惯性器件信息辅助GPS接收机跟踪环的深组合(deepintegration)结构,建立了这种结构的前馈模型,并对其进行了仿真分析。仿真结果表明,这种结构可以使得接收机具有较宽的跟踪带宽和较好的抑制噪声能力,能显著提高GPS接收机的性能。     

伪卫星辅助的北斗定位系统的GDOP研究

我国建成的北斗导航定位系统由于卫星数目有限，不能实现实时三维无源定位．若利用地面伪卫星辅助，则能够很好地弥补这一缺陷，在地面伪卫星的作用范围内实现高精度的无源定位．卫星定位系统的精度等性能，很大程度上取决于定位卫星的数目和几何布局，而GDOP正是衡量定位卫星几何布局优劣的一个量度．本文从GDOP的角度研究了不同伪卫星位置及布局对系统定位精度的影响，得到的结论为合理设置伪卫星以进一步提高系统性能提供了有力的参考依据．     

基于H∞滤波的GPS／INS全深组合导航系统研究

根据H∞鲁棒滤波理论，提出了基于H∞滤波技术的GPS／INS全深组合导航系统，该系统仅含有位置误差，速度误差和平台误差角9维状态，并利用伪距，伪距率和载波相位观测信息对全部状态进行观测，组成全深组合导航系统，由H∞滤波来提高系统的鲁棒性，文中对提出的组合系统了动态仿真，仿真结果表明，该系统结构简单，状态估计精工高，系统鲁棒性好，便于工程实现。     

Numerical modeling of a Global Navigation Satellite System in a general relativistic framework

In this article we model a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) in a Schwarzschild space–time, as a first approximation of the relativistic geometry around the Earth. The closed time-like and scattering light-like geodesics are obtained analytically, describing respectively trajectories of satellites and electromagnetic signals. We implement an algorithm to calculate Schwarzschild coordinates of a GNSS user who receives proper times sent by four satellites, knowing their orbital parameters; the inverse procedure is implemented to check for consistency. The constellation of satellites therefore realizes a geocentric inertial reference system with no a priori realization of a terrestrial reference frame. We perform a simulation of position determination and show that the determination of the four coordinates with a 25–32 digit accuracy takes only around 60 ms. Effects of non-gravitational perturbations on positioning errors are assessed, and methods to reduce them are sketched. In particular, inter-links between satellites could greatly enhance stability and accuracy of the positioning system. Effects of gravitational perturbations are omitted in this paper in order to make a clearer comparison between the relativistic and non-relativistic scheme, but they will be included in subsequent work. We believe that the final algorithm will be a serious alternative to the usual post-Newtonian scheme.     

T cell regulation in microgravity – The current knowledge from in vitro experiments conducted in space,parabolic flights and ground-based facilities

Dating back to the Apollo and Skylab missions, it has been reported that astronauts suffered from bacterial and viral infections during space flight or after returning to Earth. Blood analyses revealed strongly reduced capability of human lymphocytes to become active upon mitogenic stimulation. Since then, a large number of in vitro studies on human immune cells have been conducted in space, in parabolic flights, and in ground-based facilities. It became obvious that microgravity affects cell morphology and important cellular functions. Observed changes include cell proliferation, the cytoskeleton, signal transduction and gene expression. This review gives an overview of the current knowledge of T cell regulation under altered gravity conditions obtained by in vitro studies with special emphasis on the cell culture conditions used. We propose that future in vitro experiments should follow rigorous standardized cell culture conditions, which allows better comparison of the results obtained in different flight- and ground-based experiment platforms.     

The GFZ real-time GNSS precise positioning service system and its adaption for COMPASS

Motivated by the IGS real-time Pilot Project, GFZ has been developing its own real-time precise positioning service for various applications. An operational system at GFZ is now broadcasting real-time orbits, clocks, global ionospheric model, uncalibrated phase delays and regional atmospheric corrections for standard PPP, PPP with ambiguity fixing, single-frequency PPP and regional augmented PPP. To avoid developing various algorithms for different applications, we proposed a uniform algorithm and implemented it into our real-time software. In the new processing scheme, we employed un-differenced raw observations with atmospheric delays as parameters, which are properly constrained by real-time derived global ionospheric model or regional atmospheric corrections and by the empirical characteristics of the atmospheric delay variation in time and space. The positioning performance in terms of convergence time and ambiguity fixing depends mainly on the quality of the received atmospheric information and the spatial and temporal constraints. The un-differenced raw observation model can not only integrate PPP and NRTK into a seamless positioning service, but also syncretize these two techniques into a unique model and algorithm. Furthermore, it is suitable for both dual-frequency and sing-frequency receivers. Based on the real-time data streams from IGS, EUREF and SAPOS reference networks, we can provide services of global precise point positioning (PPP) with 5–10 cm accuracy, PPP with ambiguity-fixing of 2–5 cm accuracy, PPP using single-frequency receiver with accuracy of better than 50 cm and PPP with regional augmentation for instantaneous ambiguity resolution of 1–3 cm accuracy. We adapted the system for current COMPASS to provide PPP service. COMPASS observations from a regional network of nine stations are used for precise orbit determination and clock estimation in simulated real-time mode, the orbit and clock products are applied for real-time precise point positioning. The simulated real-time PPP service confirms that real-time positioning services of accuracy at dm-level and even cm-level is achievable with COMPASS only.     

超精密定位中的几项相关关键技术

通过结合自已的实际工作，分别从伺服进给机构，位置检测技术，数控及伺服控制等几个方面对超精密机床的定位系统进行了说明