The influence of the spatial and temporal collocation windows on the comparisons of the ionospheric characteristic parameters derived from COSMIC radio occultation and digisondes

GPS radio occultation (RO) ionospheric products obtained by Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC) mission during the year of 2014 and the observations from 3 digisonde stations which are located at different latitudes are used to study the influence of different time and space collocation windows on the comparisons of the ionospheric characteristic parameters (ICPs), including the peak density and peak height, derived from the two techniques. The results show that the correlation coefficients (CC) and the standard deviation of the absolute biases (SDAB) between the ICPs derived from the two techniques vary distinctly under different spatial and time collocation windows. Generally, the CC (SDAB) of the ICPs decrease (increase) as the size of the collocation window increases in time dimension or in space dimension. The rate of change of the statistic parameters with the increase in the size of the collocation window in time dimension and space dimension is analyzed for each digisonde station. It is found that within the collocation window of $\left(60\mathrm{m}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n},{20}^{°},{20}^{°}\right)$, the influence of the increase of $1^{°}$ in the space window on the statistical comparison is much more significant than that of the increase of 1?min in the time window, and it is suggested that there can be appropriate relaxation on the time window within the threshold of 60?min to get a balance between the quality of the comparison results and the number of the matched pairs. In addition, it is found that the same variations in the longitude window and in the latitude window may have different influences on the comparison results when the horizontal gradients in electron density are distinctly different along different directions at the digisonde station, and strict space collocation window is preferred when comparing the observations from COSMIC RO with those from the digisonde station in such cases.     

光纤陀螺本征频率对准误差引起的零偏漂移抑制方法

在温度环境下,光纤环的伸缩及光折射率的变化等会引起光纤陀螺本征频率发生变化,产生光纤陀螺本征频率与陀螺调制频率对准误差,进而导致探测器信号中的“尖峰脉冲”信号发生变化,使光纤陀螺产生零偏漂移。通过分析光纤陀螺本征频率的变化,提出了一种调制频率自动跟踪本征频率的方法,从而减小了温度条件下光纤陀螺的零偏漂移。试验验证结果表明,采用该方法的光纤陀螺在-40℃～+60℃的温度范围内固定温度点下的零偏极差减小了50%。     

Spin axis orientation of Ajisai determined from Graz 2 kHz SLR data

The Graz 2 kHz Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) measurements allow determination of the spin axis orientation of the geodetic satellite Ajisai. The high repetition rate of the laser makes it possible to determine the epoch time when the laser is pointing directly between two corner cube reflector (CCR) rings of the satellite. Identification of many such events during a few (up to 3) consecutive passes allows to state the satellite orientation in the celestial coordinate system. Six years of 2 kHz SLR data (October 2003–October 2009) delivered 331 orientation values which clearly show precession of the axis along a cone centered at 14^h56^m2.8^s in right ascension and 88.512° in declination (J2000.0 celestial reference frame) and with an half-aperture angle θ of 1.405°. The spin axis precesses with a period of 117 days, which is equal to the period of the right ascension of the ascending node of Ajisai’s orbit. We present a model of the axis precession which allows prediction of the satellite orientation – necessary for the envisaged laser time transfer via Ajisai mirrors.     

鸡Z染色体基因表达的密码子偏性

从NCBI 数据库(http:∥www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/projects/mapview/map)下载鸡Z染色体上全部基因完整的cDNA,最终共有626个基因的CDS序列纳入统计分析.使用CodonW(1.4.2)进行密码子偏性分析,确定了CGG、AGC、UGC等26个密码子为Z染色体基因表达的"最优"密码子.对应分析表明,影响鸡Z染色体基因表达的密码子偏性的主要因素分别为GC3s、基因的表达丰度、GC含量、CDS长度及氨基酸的疏水性.鸡Z染色体基因表达的密码子用法受到了核苷酸组成偏好的显著影响,这种核苷酸组成偏好很可能是突变偏畸、固定偏畸及基因转换导致的.对于鸡这种群体有效规模较大的群体,密码子的偏性更有可能是核苷酸组成偏好及选择等因素综合作用的结果.     

小束斑电子束脉冲轰击偏压电源的研制

为了获得一种性价比较高的电子束表面处理技术,采用定频调压电路,研制出一种新型偏压脉冲电源。这种电源由偏压主电路拓扑、偏压变压器和偏压整流滤波电路组成,其中偏压主电路由偏压基值发生电路和偏压脉冲发生电路组成。偏压基值发生电路控制偏压脉冲基值,偏压脉冲发生电路控制偏压脉冲频率和占空比。脉冲偏压电源的脉冲基值、脉冲频率、占空比均连续可调,相应实现脉冲束流的幅值、束流频率和占空比的调节。检测分析了脉冲偏压电源的输出电压波形,带载时的输出束流波形,并观察分析了电子束轰击后钨合金组织变化规律。结果表明所研制的脉冲偏压电源输出电压稳定、可调性好,能满足小束斑脉冲电子束轰击工艺的要求。     

三轴一体光纤陀螺高精度标定方法

针对三轴一体光纤陀螺,定义了标定转换模型,理论上分析了标定过程中各项参数之间相互影响以及地球转速影响导致标定精度较低的问题.针对零偏、标度因数和安装误差角提出一种各项分离测试的高精度标定方法,并将此方法实际应用于某三轴一体高精度光纤陀螺捷联系统,得到了陀螺标定结果.对标定结果进行了误差检验测试以及应用标定结果后进行了系统静、动态测试.测试结果表明:经过标定过程后陀螺精度以及系统测试结果均达到了预期性能要求,验证了标定方法的正确性和实用性.     

用于微小卫星的陀螺随机常值偏置误差的在轨标定

结合陀螺在微小卫星上的使用,提出了一种不依赖于其余敏感器信息的陀螺随机常值偏置实时在轨标定技术.该技术利用陀螺在轨实时测量信息,结合卫星姿态动力学本身的约束,实现了陀螺加电后初始随机零偏的在轨实时确定.分析了标定模型的可观性,得出了该技术的适用条件.仿真结果表明,该标定算法具有较高精度,对陀螺采样频率具有一定的鲁棒性,并具有较快的收敛速度,在给定的姿态动力学模型的精度条件下,100 s内基本稳定,收敛精度在1.0 (°)/h左右,标定性能可满足空间任务的需求.     

运动补偿用惯性器件误差对SAR成像分辨率的影响研究

 为提高合成孔径雷达（SAR）系统的性价比,必须根据SAR成像分辨率的要求和整体系统参数,设计相应精度的运动补偿用捷联惯导系统。在确定SAR运动补偿系统方案和安装方式的基础上,分析不同方向的加速度计和陀螺仪误差对天线相位中心位置测量误差的影响,并利用位置测量误差与SAR成像分辨率之间的关系,进一步明确了不同方向的加速度计和陀螺仪对SAR成像分辨率的影响。研究表明：基于SAR的工作原理和安装方式,x方向加速度计和y方向陀螺仪对SAR成像分辨率的影响明显比其他惯性器件严重;相同误差水平的惯性器件对SAR成像分辨率的影响随着合成孔径时间和工作波长的不同而不同,时间越长,波长越短,影响则越严重。SAR成像仿真证明了结论的正确性。研究结果对于研制高性价比SAR成像运动补偿系统有一定的理论指导意义。