定位与测速数据融合估计弹道稳定性与精度分析

基于Kalman滤波思想，利用增加观测矩阵秩的方法，讨论了轨道重建时测速数据对系统稳定性的影响；以一个仿真计算结果，说明了测速数据对提高处理精度的作用。文中结论证明，增加测速数据是提高系统稳定性和数据处理精度的主要途径之一。     

Inertial aided BDS triple-frequency integer ambiguity rounding method

The integer ambiguity resolution (AR) of carrier phase is significant for Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) precise positioning. However, in kinematic case, single-epoch AR methods based on alone GNSS are usually not reliable due to the instable pseudorange accuracy. Moreover, the computation of classical AR method Least Squares Ambiguity Decorrelation Adjustment (LAMBDA) is large. Thus, the inertial measurement unit (IMU) is introduced, a new inertial-aided AR method that directly rounds the float ambiguity of BeiDou triple-frequency combined observations, which is characterized by long wavelength, low carrier-phase noise and ionospheric delay, is proposed. The mathematical model of the new method is derived first. Then the impacts of the carrier-phase noise, ionospheric delay and inertial navigation system (INS) position error on the AR success ratio of combined observation are analyzed through probabilistic approach. Based on above investigation, the combinations (0, ?1, 1), (1, 4, ?5) and (4, ?2, ?3) are selected to resolve the original ambiguity. A vehicular integrated navigation test is performed to demonstrate the proposed method. The results show that the average AR success ratios of the three selected combinations, whose float ambiguity errors are 0.041, 0.146, 0.279 cycle respectively, are above 97.25% without regard to low-elevation C05. With respect to positioning accuracy based on our AR method when compared with IE software, the east, north, up error RMS of position are 0.042, 0.024, 0.069 m, respectively. In terms of the AR recover after the BeiDou signals outage, as long as 62 s BeiDou signal complete outage, all the ambiguities of all satellites could be re-fixed immediately. Besides, during the 90 s signals partial outage, the AR is not influenced by the position error, since the float ambiguity errors are all below half-cycle. The research of this contribution demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed new method, which indicates it is applicable to kinematic positioning, even in BDS degraded and denied environments.     

基于虚拟基线变换和RBFNN的宽频段DOA估计

提出利用虚拟基线变换的方法解决了频率高端的相位模糊,克服由于相位模糊性造成的方向特征的多值模糊问题,从而简化了从方向特征到波达方向的映射关系。提取无模糊的方向特征,训练RBF神经,进行宽频段波达方向估计。理论分析和试验表明,该解模糊方法计算量小,能有效消除圆阵列的相位模糊,适用阵元数大于等于5的任意均匀圆阵列天线（6元除外）;利用解模糊后的特征建立的DOA估计模型结构简单,性能大大优于直接建模和相关干涉仪法,具有优越的性能和工程实用性。     

一种改进的GNSS整周模糊度解相关算法

GNSS整周模糊度解相关算法的性能直接影响到整周模糊度的搜索速度和解算成功率。为了在不降低GNSS整周模糊度解相关算法解相关程度的前提下,提高解相关算法的计算效率,在深入分析典型解相关方法优缺点的基础上,提出基于对角线预排算的解相关算法。该方法源于对直接对角线排序解相关算法的预排序思想,采用矩阵分解后对角线元素中最小值并将其转换到对应对角线位置的方式,用更少的迭代次数达到比直接对角线排序更好的解相关效果。将新算法与其他算法进行仿真比较得出,其性能优于直接对角线排序算法,解相关功能与联合解相关算法等效,且计算效率略占优势。     

USB测距测速数据误差建模和评估

统一S波段（UnifiedS-band,USB）系统是目前中国载人航天和月球探测任务的主要测控网。文章对中国USB系统的测距测速数据的误差构成进行了详细分析,给出了传播媒介、相位中心偏差、时标偏差、通道时延以及卫星星历误差的修正模型,并通过对实测数据的残差分析,对目前中国USB测量数据的精度进行了评估,给出了USB测距和测速数据的实际精度。最后,针对目前USB数据的处理和应用情况,提出了数据处理上需注意的一些问题。文章的结论对今后改善中国USB系统的测定轨精度具有一定的参考价值。     

幅相联合技术下导引装置测向性能仿真分析

在介绍了国外反辐射无人机导引装置幅相联合测向技术的基础上,分别就干涉仪、比幅法测向条件下导引装置测向性能进行了仿真分析。结果表明,导引装置采用干涉仪测向时精度较比幅法测向的精度高,但存在测向模糊;比幅法测向精度不高,但可以解除干涉仪测向产生的模糊。最后,分析给出了测角范围与目标雷达频率、测角误差与测量到达角的关系,得出了导引装置采用幅相联合测向的优势。     

多基线组合求解深空航天器载波相位模糊方法

针对深空航天器高精度定位需求,提出多基线组合求解载波相位模糊方法,获得比群时延更精确的相时延,极大地提高无线电干涉测量精度。首先建立多基线组合求解载波相位模糊的数学模型,推导该方法对长短基线组合的约束条件。然后利用美国甚长基线阵(VLBA)对本文方法进行仿真校验,结果表明航天器定位精度可以达到纳弧度量级。最后结合我国已有干涉测量网,分析在我国未来深空探测任务中采用多基线组合测量载波相时延的可行性,给出满足方法约束的站址选择建议,可为我国深空导航无线电干涉测量技术的发展和深空测控网的完善提供参考。     

Multipath mitigation method based on Gaussian mixture model in RF relative measurement

Radio Frequency (RF) technology represents a high-precision relative navigation solution that has significant potential for application to earth-orbiting satellites. In precision applications, multipath errors dominate the total error because observables, which are used to estimate carrier-phase integer ambiguity, are not always subject to a Gaussian distribution when dual-frequency ambiguity estimation methods are used in the presence of multipath. As it has been shown that ranging observables obey a Gaussian mixture distribution, this study proposes improvements to the accuracy of estimation based on multipath mitigation founded on the Gaussian mixture model. To this end, such a model is created for integer ambiguity resolution in the presence of multipath, using which the theoretical error in dual-frequency ambiguity estimation is derived. Expectation Maximization (EM), which aids dual-frequency ambiguity estimation, is subsequently proposed to reduce the effect of multipath errors. Finally, two experimental scenarios are implemented to test the performance of the proposed method. The results show that EM-aided dual-frequency ambiguity estimation reduces the range error to approximately 20% in comparison with simple dual-frequency ambiguity estimation. Therefore the proposed technique is effective for multipath mitigation in RF relative measurement.     

滑翔式远程导弹滑翔段弹道研究

滑翔式远程导弹的滑翔弹道选择对其航程影响极为显著。论文主要研究滑翔段轨迹特性 及最大滑翔航程弹道的参数近似计算方法。提出了最大升阻比条件下的平衡滑翔弹道是航程 较优的弹道的观点,并对这一观点进行了证明;进而给出了最大升阻比平衡滑翔条件下的主 要参数间的解析关系式。仿真计算表明给出的滑翔段参数解析关系式精度较高,能用于最大 航程弹道的参数近似计算。     

圆阵干涉仪测向研究

在圆阵干涉仪信号模型基础上,主要针对其解模糊的问题,提出了一种不用设置门限的聚类解模糊方法。理论分析和仿真验证了该方法具有更好的稳健性与实时性,并具有较好的实用性,为解决圆阵干涉仪测向提供了一种新的思路。