宇航用双极器件和光电耦合器位移损伤试验研究

文章针对器件的位移损伤效应,利用质子加速器产生的质子及反应堆中子对化合物器件和硅器件位移损伤进行试验研究,得到了GaAs光电耦合器的电流传输比(CTR)和硅晶体管电流增益hFE的退化率随等效剂量的变化规律。研究结果表明,在质子70 MeV以上高能量范围,对于硅器件适用的位移损伤等效原理对于GaAs化合物器件则不再适用,需要修正。根据试验数据,给出了经验的修正系数。     

航天员受银河宇宙线辐射的剂量计算

在近地空间(LEO)和深空探测中,航天员遭受的辐射风险主要来自于银河宇宙线(GCR)照射.银河宇宙线的辐射剂量是航天员辐射风险评价的基础.国际放射防护委员会(ICRP)于2013年提出了新的航天员空间辐射剂量估算方法,以更准确给出空间重离子辐射的剂量.基于此方法,开发了宇宙线粒子在物质中输运的蒙特卡罗程序,并在程序中实现用中国成年男性人体数字模型来仿真航天员.采用该程序计算了粒子(Z=1~92)各向同性照射航天员时器官的通量-器官剂量转换因数,并估算出航天员在近地轨道空间受银河宇宙线辐射的剂量.     

Human response to high-background radiation environments on Earth and in space

The main long-term objective of the space exploration program is the colonization of the planets of the Solar System. The high cosmic radiation equivalent dose rate represents an inescapable problem for the safe establishment of permanent human settlements on these planets. The unshielded equivalent dose rate on Mars ranges between 100 and 200 mSv/year, depending on the Solar cycle and altitude, and can reach values as high as 360 mSv/year on the Moon. The average annual effective dose on Earth is about 3 mSv, nearly 85% of which comes from natural background radiation, reduced to less than 1 mSv if man-made sources and the internal exposure to Rn daughters are excluded. However, some areas on Earth display anomalously high levels of background radiation, as is the case with thorium-rich monazite bearing sand deposits where values 200–400 times higher than the world average can be found. About 2% of the world’s population live above 3 km and receive a disproportionate 10% of the annual effective collective dose due to cosmic radiation, with a net contribution to effective dose by the neutron component which is 3–4 fold that at sea level. Thus far, epidemiological studies have failed to show any adverse health effects in the populations living in these terrestrial high-background radiation areas (HBRA), which provide an unique opportunity to study the health implications of an environment that, as closely as possibly achievable on Earth, resembles the chronic exposure of future space colonists to higher-than-normal levels of ionizing radiation. Chromosomal aberrations in the peripheral blood lymphocytes from the HBRA residents have been measured in several studies because chromosomal damage represents an early biomarker of cancer risk. Similar cytogenetic studies have been recently performed in a cohort of astronauts involved in single or repeated space flights over many years. The cytogenetic findings in populations exposed to high dose-rate background radiation on Earth or in space will be discussed.     

Soybean cultivar selection for Bioregenerative Life Support Systems (BLSSs) – Hydroponic cultivation

Four soybean cultivars (‘Atlantic’, ‘Cresir’, ‘Pr91m10’ and ‘Regir’), selected through a theoretical procedure as suitable for cultivation in BLSS, were evaluated in terms of growth and production. Germination percentage and Mean Germination Time (MGT) were measured. Plants were cultivated in a growth chamber equipped with a recirculating hydroponic system (Nutrient Film Technique). Cultivation was performed under controlled environmental conditions (12 h photoperiod, light intensity 350 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹, temperature regime 26/20 °C light/dark, relative humidity 65–75%). Fertigation was performed with a standard Hoagland solution, modified for soybean specific requirements, and EC and pH were kept at 2.0 dS m⁻¹ and 5.5 respectively.     

空间用功率MOSFET器件2N7266总剂量

文章针对空间用功率MOSFET器件2N7266进行了60Co源γ射线辐射试验研究。在辐射过程中,采用JT-1型晶体管特性图示仪和计算机控制的摄像机实时监测器件电参数随辐射剂量变化的特征,通过试验研究获得了被试器件阈值电压、漏电流和击穿电压随总剂量变化的特征,得出了被试器件抗总剂量辐射的指标。研究结果可为被试器件在航天器型号的使用提供技术参考依据。     

Application of a modified generalized sail model on a solar sail with wrinkles

In this paper, we present an analysis of effect of wrinkles on the solar sail performance. We describe different analytical, semi-analytical and numerical approaches to the calculation of general large-scale curvature of a solar sail as well as parameters of so-called wrinkled domains, and introduce the impact of such wrinkles on the thrust and torque of the solar sail. Finally, we present a model of an optically-orthotropic surface for such non-ideal sail, providing a connection with the Generalized Sail Model, and other solar sail thrust models.     

MD-130 胶黏剂固化工艺及空间适用性研究

为满足航天电子产品的工艺实施和空间服役要求,本文详细开展了MD-130胶黏剂的固化工艺及空间适应性研究。结果表明,在150℃等温固化60 min后其拉伸剪切强度达到18 MPa,表明其为优选的固化工艺。高低温环境冲击和低剂量的粒子辐照后胶黏剂固化反应更加充分,其芯片剪切强度提高,而大剂量辐照致使高分子降解现象明显,造成了胶接强度的降低。经环境试验后,MD-130胶黏剂仍具有良好的力学性能,满足设计使用要求。     

电离总剂量复合屏蔽模拟仿真及验证试验

空间环境中辐射粒子的电离总剂量效应对卫星电子器件危害严重,需要采用合适的材料进行屏蔽防护.本文采用蒙特卡罗方法模拟材料对电子的屏蔽,将双层复合屏蔽方法与单质屏蔽方法进行对比,结果表明对电子而言,复合屏蔽在屏蔽厚度足够大时比单质屏蔽效果更好.利用⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y电子放射源进行了复合屏蔽效果的验证试验,试验结果与模拟结果规律相符,研究结果可为辐射防护的优化设计提供参考.