Non-Gaussian clutter characterization applied to OTHR using a mixture of two Rayleigh probability density functions

A practical technique for characterizing non-Gaussian radar clutter is specified and demonstrated using Over The Horizon Radar (OTHR) data, as an example. The technique employs maximum likelihood to fit the probability density of the clutter amplitude returns to a mixture of two Rayleigh probability densities instead of the single Rayleigh density typically used for Gaussian clutter. This model for non-Gaussian clutter is fully specified for any set of clutter amplitudes by a log likelihood, two Rayleigh parameters, and a mixing coefficient. A 3D plot of these values yields an easily-visualized clutter characterization, as is illustrated using OTHR data. This technique is a demonstration of clutter characterization using OTHR data, but the method can be applied to characterize other types of clutter data.     

SOLS: A lake database to monitor in the Near Real Time water level and storage variations from remote sensing data

An accurate and continuous monitoring of lakes and inland seas is available since 1993 thanks to the satellite altimetry missions (Topex–Poseidon, GFO, ERS-2, Jason-1, Jason-2 and Envisat). Global data processing of these satellites provides temporal and spatial time series of lakes surface height with a decimetre precision on the whole Earth. The response of water level to regional hydrology is particularly marked for lakes and inland seas in semi-arid regions. A lake data centre is under development at by LEGOS (Laboratoire d’Etude en Géophysique et Océanographie Spatiale) in Toulouse, in coordination with the HYDROLARE project (Headed by SHI: State Hydrological Institute of the Russian Academy of Science). It already provides level variations for about 150 lakes and reservoirs, freely available on the web site (HYDROWEB: http://www.LEGOS.obs-mip.fr/soa/hydrologie/HYDROWEB), and surface-volume variations of about 50 big lakes are also calculated through a combination of various satellite images (Modis, Asar, Landsat, Cbers) and radar altimetry. The final objective is to achieve in 2011 a fully operating data centre based on remote sensing technique and controlled by the in situ infrastructure for the Global Terrestrial Network for Lakes (GTN-L) under the supervision of WMO (World Meteorological Organization) and GCOS (Global Climate Observing System).     

空间目标RCS动态测量及特性分析

本文探讨了适用于某型窄带雷达的RCS相对测量法，对部分空间目标进行了RCS测量。利用随机游程检验法对实测的空间目标RCS时间序列进行了随机性检验，得到了与实际情况相符的结果。     

探测跟踪系统低空多路径模型的研究

根据对飞行器跟踪低空目标时所受的多路径干扰的分析，给出了基于多闪烁点源复杂目标和镜像目标的雷达散射截面积(RCS)模型以及地面散射系数模型。对整套模型方案进行的仿真实验表明，实验结果与实测数据吻合较好。对飞行器超低空飞行时抑制镜像干扰问题的解决有重要的参考价值。     

实时相除原理在制导雷达中的应用

本文提出了三种能用于制导雷达的实时相除方案,分析了实现实时相除的条件,并指出了实时相除不仅可用于正常情况下的雷达测角,还可以抗回答式角度欺骗干扰和噪声调频-扫频干扰。本文最后指出实时相除尚可用于抑制旁瓣干扰。     

高频地波雷达抗短波通信干扰的研究

短波通信干扰包括短波通信瞬态干扰和短波通信长干扰两种。在对短波通信干扰的成因进行分析的基础上，利用特征子空间理论，提出了有效抑制短波通信干扰的方法。这种方法不仅能够消除短波通信瞬态干扰，而且对多个瞬态干扰同时存在所形成的长干扰的抑制也非常有效，这是一般抑制瞬态干扰的方法所达不到的。实测数据仿真结果表明了这种算法的有效性和实用性。     

干涉合成孔径雷达信号处理研究综述

干涉合成孔径雷达技术作为一种遥感手段可以快速准确地获得地面三维信息。文中回顾了干涉合成孔径雷达近年来的一些重要研究成果,分析信号处理中配准、干涉、去平地、相位图降噪、相位展开、数字高程模型生成与校正的制约因素,分析运动补偿的原理和效果。对今后的研究热点和研究方向作一展望。     

高分辨率星载聚束式SAR成像处理实现方法

高分辨率星载聚束式SAR的信号带宽与多普勒带宽很大，为了保证系统的覆盖特性和成像处理精度，常规的成像处理方法已不能适用。为此针对高分辨率（0．3米）星载聚束式SAR，给出一种高精度成像处理实现方法。该方法对Deramp Chirp Scaling算法中的相位误差进行考察，给出了基于三次相位误差校正的星载聚束式Deramp Chirp Scaling成像算法。计算机仿真结果验证了该方法的有效性。     

半主动寻的制导面对空雷达的低角跟踪

论述面对空雷达低角跟踪环境及一般的技术途径，结合单脉冲雷达在典型环境中捕获，跟踪目标镜像的飞行试验结果，提出采用同度跟踪偏轴跟踪和仰角定角的综合处理方法。     

基于时频分析的雷达目标识别研究

基于时频分析的性质，提出了一种雷达目标识别方法。对雷达回波信号进行小波变换，得到目标回波信号的三维时频分布图和功率谱密度，从中提取目标的调制谱密度，根据最小贴近度识别算法进行目标识别。由实验结果看，利用此方法能够得到很高的识别率。