质子交换膜燃料电池用增强型复合膜性能研究

用流延法制备增强型NaIion／PTFE复合膜,用电子扫描显微镜（SEM）观察膜,测试了膜的溶胀率、机械强度及质子传导率测试和单体电池性能,并与市售Nafion0膜进行比较。研究表明：流延法制备的Nafion／PTFE复合膜致密性好,（23±2）℃和（i00±2）℃恒温水浴条件下,Nafion／PTFE复合膜体积溶胀率分别仅为Nafion0212膜的30％,70％,Nafion／PTFE复合膜的最大拉伸强度较Nation212膜高52％,H2渗透率较Nafion0212膜高14％～25％;Nafion／PTFE复合膜的放电电压高于Nation0211膜,当电流密度为1000mA／cm。时,Nafion／F’T—FE复合膜单池放电电压为0．714V,较Nafion0212膜高8％,能满足质子交换膜燃料电池（PEMFC）使用要求。     

空间薄膜结构充气展开研究

空间薄膜结构可以通过气体驱动其展开,与传统的机械展开方式相比,其展开机构较为简单、发射成本低、且折叠体积小,可以应用在空间柔性结构的展开、废弃卫星的离轨等多领域中.针对空间薄膜结构充气展开方式,在高级有限元前后处理软件(LS-PREPOST)中建立模型并设定4种工况,选定一种工况为标准充气情况,而后将模型输出的K文件导...     

空间可展开薄膜遮光罩设计与分析

对于觅音计划的光学系统而言,太阳光是其杂散光的首要来源,是影响成像质量的重要因素.通过将仿生技术和折纸理论相结合,完成光学系统的遮光罩设计.依据花朵开放过程,获取遮光罩的拓扑构型,完成遮光罩折展设计,并根据光学系统任务需求,优化遮光罩拓扑构型.采用底面为正六边形的拓扑构型时,遮光罩的折展比为8,且折叠后的包络空间和卫星...     

单阳膜电渗析处理草浆黑液碱回收的研究

为有效治理草浆黑液的污染 ,提高草浆黑液的综合利用率 ,本文针对碱法草浆黑液的特性 ,对单阳膜电渗析技术回收草浆黑液中残碱的可行性进行了研究。研究结果表明 :采用单阳膜电渗析技术回收草浆黑液中的碱 ,技术上是可行的 ;在本试验条件下 ,碱回收受操作电压、操作时间以及强制搅拌等因素的影响 ;综合考虑选用4 .5 V的操作电压、30 min的处理时间 ,经过处理后 ,黑液中 90 %的碱被有效回收 ,其中电流效率大于 70 % ,每吨回收碱的能耗为 4 2 0 0 k W· h左右     

质子交换膜燃料电池膜电极组件性能分析

对由亲水电极与Nafion 112质子交换膜制备的质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)膜电极组件(MEA),测试了工作温度、气体压力、气体相对湿度和气体流量等对MEA性能的影响。试验和分析显示MEA的适宜工作条件为:温度70℃、压力0.2~0.3 MPa、H2/O2或空气的相对湿度为100%/60%、H2/O2或空气流量计量比分别为1.1~1.2/1.2~1.5或2.0~2.5。在此条件下对MEA进行了1000 h放电性能测试。结果表明,该MEA的结构和性能稳定,能满足燃料电池长寿命工作要求。     

Experimental study on ceramic membrane technology for onboard oxygen generation

The ceramic membrane oxygen generation technology has advantages of high concentra-tion of produced oxygen and potential nuclear and biochemical protection capability. The present paper studies the ceramic membrane technology for onboard oxygen generation. Comparisons are made to have knowledge of the effects of two kinds of ceramic membrane separation technologies on oxygen generation, namely electricity driven ceramic membrane separation oxygen generation technology (EDCMSOGT) and pressure driven ceramic membrane separation oxygen generation technology (PDCMSOGT). Experiments were conducted under different temperatures, pressures of feed air and produced oxygen flow rates. On the basis of these experiments, the flow rate of feed air, electric power provided, oxygen recovery rate and concentration of produced oxygen are compared under each working condition. It is concluded that the EDCMSOGT is the oxygen generation means more suitable for onboard conditions.     

一种富氧中空纤维膜组件的温度特性

通过实验研究温度对中空纤维膜组件氧/氮分离性能的影响,结果表明温度能够明显影响膜的分离特性,并且不影响富氧浓度,可以通过控制膜组件的使用温度来增加富氧产量.      

膜分离技术在飞机燃油箱防火防爆中的应用探讨

近年来,膜分离技术在飞机燃油箱防火防爆中的应用在国外得到了迅速发展,它的应用有效地提高了军用飞机的生存力、利用率和可靠性。本文就膜分离在飞机燃油箱防火防爆中的应用技术作了介绍,随着该技术的不断完善和提高,它将是飞机燃油箱防火防爆工作不可或缺的技术之一。     

圆形薄膜太阳翼展开动力学分析与模态分析

针对圆形薄膜太阳翼展开过程中存在的柔性大、非线性强、耦合程度高以及展开过程复杂等问题,本文以UltraFlex太阳翼为研究对象,使用膜单元模拟翼面,相比于壳单元获得了更好的展开效果,利用非线性有限元软件SAMCEF对其展开过程进行动力学仿真分析,通过分析系统展开过程中能量变化曲线,研究不同转角驱动函数对其展开稳定性的影响。对圆形薄膜太阳翼展开锁定状态进行模态分析,与NASA的ANSYS分析结果相一致。将分析结果与NASA UltraFlex样机试验结果进行对比,模态频率误差在6.77%以内,符合美国TRL6技术标准,验证了SAMCEF有限元数值仿真模型的准确性和有效性,具有一定的工程实际意义。     

Exploration life support technology challenges for the Crew Exploration Vehicle and future human missions

As NASA implements the U.S. Space Exploration Policy, life support systems must be provided for an expanding sequence of exploration missions. NASA has implemented effective life support for Apollo, the Space Shuttle, and the International Space Station (ISS) and continues to develop advanced systems. This paper provides an overview of life support requirements, previously implemented systems, and new technologies being developed by the Exploration Life Support Project for the Orion Crew Exploration Vehicle (CEV) and Lunar Outpost and future Mars missions. The two contrasting practical approaches to providing space life support are (1) open loop direct supply of atmosphere, water, and food, and (2) physicochemical regeneration of air and water with direct supply of food. Open loop direct supply of air and water is cost effective for short missions, but recycling oxygen and water saves costly launch mass on longer missions. Because of the short CEV mission durations, the CEV life support system will be open loop as in Apollo and Space Shuttle. New life support technologies for CEV that address identified shortcomings of existing systems are discussed. Because both ISS and Lunar Outpost have a planned 10-year operational life, the Lunar Outpost life support system should be regenerative like that for ISS and it could utilize technologies similar to ISS. The Lunar Outpost life support system, however, should be extensively redesigned to reduce mass, power, and volume, to improve reliability and incorporate lessons learned, and to take advantage of technology advances over the last 20 years. The Lunar Outpost design could also take advantage of partial gravity and lunar resources.