Two new multi-phase reliability growth models from the perspective of time between failures and their applications

Aviation products would go through a multi-phase improvement in reliability performance during the research and development process. In the literature, most of the existing reliability growth models assume a constant failure intensity in each test phase, which inevitably limits the scope of the application. To address this problem, we propose two new models considering time-varying failure intensity in each stage. The proposed models borrow the idea from the accelerated failure-time models. It is assumed that time between failures follow the log-location-scale distribution and the scale parameters in each phase do not change, which forms the basis for integrating the data from all test stages. For the test-find-test scenario, an improvement factor is introduced to construct the relationship between two successive location parameters. Whereas for the test-fix-test scenario, the instantaneous cumulative time between failures is assumed to be consistent with Duane model and derive the formulation of location parameter. Likelihood ratio test is further utilized to test whether the assumption of constant failure intensity in each phase is suitable. Several applications with real reliability growth data show that the assumptions are reasonable and the proposed models outperform the existing models.     

Integrated guidance and control for solar sail station-keeping with optical degradation

Current control approaches for solar sail station-keeping on libration point orbits have not considered the degradation of the sail’s optical properties. However, significant optical degradation could lead to poor station-keeping performance or even complete failure. This paper presents an integrated guidance and control strategy to address this problem by updating the reference orbit based on in situ estimation. An exponential optical degradation model is incorporated into the solar radiation acceleration model, and an on-line reference orbit update approach is incorporated into the station-keeping, coupled with an active disturbance rejection controller. The reflection coefficient is estimated on-line and the reference orbit is updated discretely when the optical properties have degraded by a prescribed amount. This strategy provides discrete updates to the reference orbits such that the perturbation due to the optical degradation is maintained within a small range. These smaller perturbations can be dealt with by the controller’s robustness and station-keeping can be sustained for long durations even in the presence of large optical degradation.     

运载火箭复杂容错控制系统可靠性分析

在典型可靠性分析模型及理论基础上,建立了运载火箭复杂容错控制系统可靠性分析模型,提出了行之有效的可靠性建模方法,并进行了算例分析.结果表明,该方法能够为复杂容错控制系统可靠性评估、确定合理的系统组成以及方案优化提供良好的支撑,可在控制系统工程设计中推广应用.     

基于Bayes方法的某武器系统可靠性综合评估

根据武器系统现场可靠性试验数据少而研制过程中分系统可靠性试验数据较易得的情况,提出了一种基于Bayes方法对某武器系统进行可靠性评估的方法。将研制过程中分系统的可靠性试验数据融合为系统可靠性评估的先验信息,以提高用于评估的信息量。方法对复杂大系统以及高可靠性系统的可靠性评估有一定的参考价值。     

试论学生在教学改革中的主体作用

阐述学生是教学的主体，要提高教学质量，就必须充分发挥学生的主观能动性。教师应该围绕这个主体进行全面指导和帮助，使教学改革落到实处。     

Reliability analysis and utilization of PEMs in space application

More and more plastic encapsulated microcircuits (PEMs) are used in space missions to achieve high performance. Since PEMs are designed for use in terrestrial operating conditions, the successful usage of PEMs in space harsh environment is closely related to reliability issues, which should be considered firstly. However, there is no ready-made methodology for PEMs in space applications. This paper discusses the reliability for the usage of PEMs in space. This reliability analysis can be divided into five categories: radiation test, radiation hardness, screening test, reliability calculation and reliability assessment. One case study is also presented to illuminate the details of the process, in which a PEM part is used in a joint space program Double-Star Project between the European Space Agency (ESA) and China. The influence of environmental constrains including radiation, humidity, temperature and mechanics on the PEM part has been considered. Both Double-Star Project satellites are still running well in space now.     

无人攻击机垂直命中目标末制导律研究

在充分考虑无人攻击机自动驾驶仪动态因素的基础上,设计了一种能够垂直命中目标的末制导律.该制导律较大程度地改善了无人攻击机终端命中角问题,同时大大提高了无人机的攻击精度,提高了作战效能.仿真结果表明,该导引律满足电视制导无人机的战技指标要求,具有一定的工程实用价值.     

航天器控制若干技术问题的新进展

航天器姿态和轨道控制技术是航天器研制中的关键技术,对实现复杂航天器的控制以及未来复杂的飞行任务都具有非常重要的作用。文中通过一些飞行实例概述国内外航天器控制技术的发展,论述了航天器控制技术在编队飞行、自主交会与对接和复杂对象控制中的进展。文章通过揭示航天器控制技术领域的研究和发展趋势,为我国航天器制导、导航与控制技术的发展提出建议。     

合成孔径激光雷达研究

合成孔径激光雷达是目前国内外研究的热点。文中讨论了SAL的概念和原理,建立了SAL回波信号模型,研究了RD算法的处理流程,并进行了机载SAL点目标和分布目标成像的模拟仿真。仿真结果表明,SAL具有较高的分辨能力。此外,文中还提出了在军事上利用SAL和SAR联合检测军事目标的方法。     

基于Wiener过程的载人飞船热控泵寿命预测

载人飞船热控制循环泵(以下简称热控泵)属于高可靠性航天产品,在试验和使用中出现的寿命失效数据极少,采用传统的基于大样本寿命数据的可靠性分析方法难以满足工程要求。首先根据热控泵的试验数据和退化失效机理,确定关键性能参数为扬程和功率,采用带有正向漂移的Wiener过程拟合这两项性能的退化数据,建立性能退化轨道模型,并用随机加权方法解决模型参数估计时的小子样问题;根据退化失效的定义确定热控泵的寿命分布模型,与传统寿命分布模型不同的是,分布模型中的参数具有明确的物理含义;最后根据试验数据对热控泵的寿命进行预测,验证方法的有效性。