空间站梦天载荷适配器设计与连接精度验证

空间站舱外载荷适配器是一种用于空间站载荷进出舱及开展载荷舱外暴露试验的轻小型空间对接机构。介绍空间站梦天载荷适配器应用场景、设计思路、产品组成及定位原理;针对该产品高互换性及高定位精度的需求,对3°~120°均布的杆槽定位方式进行了数学建模分析及试验验证。得出了该定位方式具有良好的定位精度及互换性能的结论,在后续空间对接机构设计过程中,可作为备选构型优先考虑。     

飞机装配型架标准接头定位器自动选取算法

在现代飞机结构中,整体结构件的应用导致了飞机装配型架结构中大量使用接头和工艺孔定位器.这些定位器一般由工作头和标准接头定位器两部分构成.为了缩短型架研制周期,在型架设计中开始推广应用CAD技术,包括开发型架专用设计系统.因此,研究接头定位器的自动设计,对进一步简化型架设计过程、提高设计效率具有重要的意义.标准接头定位器的自动选取是实现接头定位器自动设计的技术关键,就此提出了标准接头定位器自动选取的专门算法,其中包括提出并建立可定位域概念及其数据表示格式.该算法已应用于自行研制的飞机装配型架CAD系统中相关模块的开发,并取得了良好的应用效果。     

THE APPLICATION OF SATELLITE POSITIONING TECHNOLOGY AND ITS INDUSTRIALIZATION IN CHINA

Satellite positioning technology has been widely used in all kinds of military and civil land, marine, space and aeronautical target positioning tasks, naviga tion activities and accurate surveying measurements since 90 s in the last cen tury due to its advantage in providing all-weather, real-time, three dimensional and high precision positioning information, as well as speed and accurate timing information. By now, it has already formed a new hi-tech industry basically.This paper briefly reviews the development of the global satellite positioning and navigation technologies including the basic information of China's "Plough navigation system", introduces the history of satellite positioning technology and its major application fields as well as the status quo of this being industri alized trade in China, gives an account of the writers' vision for the application and prospect of the satellite positioning technologies in China, and approaches the tactics and stresses of the satellite positioning technology's application and its industrialization future in China.     

A real-time combined quality control method for GNSS precise positioning in harsh environments

Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) precise positioning can be significantly affected by severe multipath effects and outliers in harsh environments, and highly relies on quality control strategies. Previous studies mainly focus on the posterior residuals to check and exclude the outliers in GNSS observations, limited work emphasizes the combined quality control method considering both the prior and posterior knowledge simultaneously. This paper proposed a real-time combined quality control method to process the multipath effects and outliers in harsh environments simultaneously. Specifically, in the prior stage, a modified multipath processing strategy is proposed for both phase and code observations, then a modified detection, identification, and adaptation (DIA) method considering the maximum times of data snooping is studied in the posterior stage. Two dedicated experiments in real harsh environments were carried out to evaluate the performance of the proposed combined quality control method. For the static experiment, the proposed method exhibits smaller positioning errors, the best positioning accuracy, and the highest availability in this study. Specifically, the proposed method exhibits an improved percentage of 55.4 %, 56.3 %, and 59.7 % for positioning accuracy compared to those without the quality control method in the E, N, and U directions, respectively. Besides, the proposed method can further improve the performance of ambiguity resolution with an improved percentage of 32.2 %. For the kinematic experiment, the three-dimensional positioning accuracy of the proposed method is 0.577 m, which exhibits a 40.0 % improvement compared to those without the quality control method. Also, the proposed method exhibits better performance under relatively strong multipath effects. In this sense, the proposed real-time combined quality control method is highly appreciated in terms of positioning availability, accuracy, and ambiguity resolution for GNSS precise positioning, especially in harsh environments.     

惯性系统速度辅助的GPS接收机性能分析

有关惯性速度辅助下的ＧＰＳ接收机的带宽、跟踪和捕获性能在本文中作了分析。研究结果表明，惯性速度辅助ＧＰＳ接收机可以有效地提高接收机的性能。     

基于GPS外弹道测量方法的研究

研究了利用全球卫星定位系统(GPS)导弹外弹道的位置、速度测量的原理和方程。介绍了基于弹栽接收机和弹载转发器两种GPS测量系统的设备组成、应用及其适用范围。分析了基于GPS外弹道测量方法的不足，并提出了相应的应对措施。     

航天用大力矩高精度超声波电机研究

超声波电机与传统电磁型电机不同 ,它是一种靠摩擦驱动的新原理电机 ,具有低速大力矩、响应快和功率质量比大等特点 ,能直接驱动 ,适合航天领域的应用。先简单介绍超声波电机的特点及其在航天领域的应用情况 ,随后介绍了所研制的一种低速大力矩超声波电机的结构、摩擦材料、特性和步进定位控制策略 ,其结构型式为纵扭复合型 ,样机直径为 80 mm ,堵转力矩达到了 13Nm,转速 12 .5 r/min,重复定位精度优于 0 .0 2 0°,纵扭振动的一阶谐振频率较接近 ,电机的工作频域较宽 ,近 7k Hz,起动时间在 5 m s左右 ,关断时间在 2 m s以内。     

基于岭估计理论实现GPS快速定位研究

针对在短时间内 GPS观测方程的法方程容易形成病态的实际 ,探讨用岭估计理论消除其病态性的方法 ,然后用 LAMBDA方法确定其整周模糊度。实验证明 ,对于单频 GPS接收机 ,在 1 min左右 ,利用该技术即可正确确定整周模糊度 ,从而实现厘米级定位     

差分改正数的更新率对定位精度的影响分析

介绍了GPS(Global Positioning System)定位的误差来源及差分的具体形式,描述了伪距定位及伪距差分定位的数学模型.分析了差分修正后的用户伪距残差和SA(Selective Availability)信号的关系,并从SA的时间相关特性出发,分析了伪距差分中差分改正数的更新率对定位精度的影响.最后,利用RTCM SC 104格式的电文1进行了不同更新率的实验,得出了具有实践意义的结论.     

神经网络理论在微分对策中的应用

阐述了微分对策理论在实际应用中存在的问题,并从动态冲突的实际过程出发,将神经网络理论与分层式智能控制理论相结合,来模型化微分对策问题.将微分对策的双向优化问题转化成基于神经网络理论的目标机动性辨识和单向优化控制问题,将微分对策的定性与定量结合起来,为有效加入人的经验提供了一种技术途径.并采用自适应分布式学习速率,大大提高了神经网络的学习速度和精度.