基于最佳倒易晶胞的斜采样遥感图像复原方法

遥感图像的退化受多种因素的影响。本文研究了斜采样方式下混叠、模糊、噪声对图像有效分辨率的影响,在贝叶斯框架下提出了一种基于最佳倒易晶胞的斜采样遥感图像复原方法。该方法基于高斯图像先验假设,首先根据斜采样图像获取系统参数对倒易晶胞的形状进行限制,获取混叠与噪声最小的频域覆盖,然后在Bayesian\|MAP(最大后验概率,Maximum a Posterior Probability )框架下建立耦合模型,通过迭代复原方法得到混叠、模糊、噪声最小化的图像。实验结果说明,本算法考虑了引起图像混叠的图像成像模型特性, 获得了较好的复原结果, 增强了图像分辨率。     

空间绳系研究综述

空间绳系根据原理主要分为两类:动量交换绳系和电动力绳系。文章详细介绍了两者的基本原理、动力学模型和控制策略,描述了空间绳系技术实验项目的研究情况以及绳系结构设计和生存能力问题,对空间绳系的研究热点以及发展趋势进行了预测,同时列举了大量关于空间绳系技术的参考文献。研究表明:动量交换绳系和电动力绳系都可以实现无推进剂推进,提供各种离轨和再入功能,具有广阔的应用前景。     

适用无人机的小型燃料电池控制方法

燃料电池动力系统作为一种长航时电动无人机的动力方案,其燃料电池的控制技术是决定动力系统可靠性和高效性的关键技术。针对用于无人机的小型空冷型开放阴极的质子交换膜燃料电池,考虑面向工程应用的燃料电池整体控制过程,兼顾电堆温度控制和水管理,提出了一种前馈型模糊PID的电堆温度控制方法,同时设计了一种基于安时积分门限法的膜水含量调节策略,以实现对整个燃料电池系统的高效控制。通过搭建燃料电池温度控制与水管理试验平台,对所提出的控制技术进行了试验验证,并与现有温控和水管理方法进行了对比分析。试验结果表明：所提前馈型模糊PID方法在较长时间的燃料电池启动过程中能够较快地达到目标温度,相比于PID方法减少了7%的调节时间,与传统模糊PID方法相当;燃料电池电流持续减小时,所提前馈型模糊PID方法对超调量的抑制效果具有明显优势,其超调量仅为PID方法的34%,为传统模糊PID方法的43%;所提安时积分门限排水控制方法既能防止水淹故障,又可提高燃料经济性,在所给工况中相比现有方法节约了15%的氢气。     

The effects of simulated microgravity on the seminiferous tubules of rats

Space flight has been shown to have many adverse effects on various systems throughout the body. Because the opportunity to place research animals on board a Space Shuttle or the International Space Station is infrequent, various techniques have been designed to simulate the effects of microgravity in Earth based laboratories. A commonly used technique is known as antiorthostatic suspension, also often referred to as hind limb suspension. In this technique the hind portion of the animal is raised so that its hind limbs are non-weight bearing. This places the animal in roughly a 30° head down tilt position. This results in cephalic fluid shifts similar to those seen in actual space flight. This technique has also been shown to mimic other physiological parameters that are affected during space flight. This study examined testicular tissue from rats subjected to a 7 day antiorthostatic suspension. This tissue was acquired through a tissue sharing program and some of the experimental animals were injected with Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) which was hoped to ameliorate some of the effects of antiorthostatic suspension. The injection of IL-1ra was not expected to have any effect on testicular tissue, however this tissue was included in the morphological and statistical analysis to conduct a more complete study. All tissues were embedded in paraffin, sectioned, and stained using standard H&E staining. The tissue was then qualitatively ranked according to the “health” of the seminiferous tubules. Our findings indicate that 7 days of antiorthostatic suspension had adverse effects on the tissue that comprises the walls of the seminiferous tubules. It has long been known that antiorthostatic suspension has deleterious effects on testicular tissue, however this research indicates that these effects occur much faster than indicated by previous researchers. This is a significant finding because it indicates that meaningful earth based studies in this area can be carried out in a shorter time span. This could result in more studies per year as well as saving money by avoiding longer than necessary animal suspensions. This is especially important as we enter an era when, without Space Shuttle, flight opportunities will become scarce. These antiorthostatic suspension studies indicate that space flight, even short duration spaceflight, may have harmful effects on the seminiferous tubules and blood-testis barrier of astronauts.     

自由边界抛物薄壳的模态振型函数

基于membrane理论,推导出一组完全满足抛物薄壳自由边界条件的模态振型函数.通过模态分析实验得到自由边界抛物薄壳的低阶模态实验振型,将实验振型与有限元分析振型及依据模态振型函数所得到的理论振型进行对比,三者能够较好的吻合,表明所推导的模态振型函数可正确描述抛物薄壳的模态形状.     

加力燃油泵压出室非设计工况内流特征数值模拟

针对某型航空发动机加力燃油泵隔舌空蚀破坏,采用滑移网格技术模拟泵内非定常流场,揭示了压出室在典型非设计工况下的内流特征,研究了隔舌处的空化机理.计算结果表明:大流量工况,扩散管锥形段存在大小两个分离涡,而环形腔室隔舌段燃油以相切方式流经隔舌壁面,无明显流动分离,不会发生空化;而小流量工况,扩散管锥形段内两分离涡扩展到大部分区域,右半侧部分阻滞燃油在反向流向涡作用下,绕流隔舌上部,在隔舌下游形成了明显分离涡,导致隔舌壁面静压急剧降低,进而引发空化,产生空蚀破坏.      

机载制氮系统中空纤维膜分离特性

采用微元方法建立了机载制氮系统中空纤维膜数学模型,并使用龙格-库塔法对其进行了数值计算,与实验数据进行对比后显示,误差不超过10%.然后分析了单位膜面积进料量、膜丝(membrane fiber)内外压比和氧氮渗透比其对产品气氧体积分数和制氮效率的影响.结果表明:增加单位膜面积进料量虽然可提高制氮效率的增加,但是会显著降低产品气中氮的体积分数,因此需要采用合适的流程设计以克服此缺点.压比和氧气渗透系数的增加均会使氧体积分数与制氮效率减小,但是提高渗透比对制氮效率影响不大,因此对于气体分离过程是有利的.通过计算模型及实验数据,分析了中空纤维膜分离理想度随压比和温度的变化关系,结果显示压力对理想度影响较大,随着压力增加,实际分离过程与理论值偏差趋大,而温度对理想度影响较小.      

微型涡轮发动机燃油闭环控制起动方法

采用微压差方法进行燃油流量测量,达到低压损、高精度和快速响应的目的.设计了孔板式计量段,对不同节流孔径的计量段进行了标定试验.试验结果表明:在设定的测量范围内,节流孔两侧压差的平方根与流量成线性关系,与理论分析结果一致.在此基础上,研究微型涡轮发动机起动过程供油流量闭环控制问题.设计了单神经元PID(比例-积分-微分)控制器,对燃油流量进行了闭环控制试验.与开环控制方法相比,新的控制方法动态性能好,调节精度高.最后,采用单神经元PID控制器进行了微型涡轮发动机燃油闭环控制起动试验,显著提高了起动过程的快速性与可靠性.      

Thermodynamic Characteristic Study of a High-temperature Flow-rate Control Valve for Fuel Supply of Scramjet Engines

Thermodynamic characteristics are of great importance for the performance of a high-temperature flow-rate control valve,as high-temperature environment may bring problems,such as blocking of spool and increasing of leakage,to the valve.In this paper,a high-temperature flow-rate control valve,pilot-controlled by a pneumatic servo system is developed to control the fuel supply for scramjet engines.After introducing the construction and working principle,the thermodynamic mathematical models of the valve are built based on the heat transfer methods inside the valve.By using different boundary conditions,different methods of simulations are carried out and compared.The steady-state and transient temperature field distribution inside the valve body are predicted and temperatures at five interested points are measured.By comparing the simulation and experimental results,a reasonable 3D finite element analysis method is suggested to predict the thermodynamic characteristics of the high-temperature flow-rate control valve.     

涡扇发动机试车台推力测量与校准技术概述

简单介绍了涡扇发动机试车台的类型与结构,重点阐述了台架推力测量与校准的方法,并对试车台推力测量系统的误差来源进行了初步分析。结合国内涡扇发动试车台校准现状,提出了开展试车台现场校准技术研究的重要意义。