考虑性能退化的航空发动机故障诊断量化评估

航空发动机全生命周期内的故障诊断一直是研究的热点,为保障航空发动机在性能退化条件下故障诊断算法的可靠性,对考虑性能退化的航空发动机进行故障可诊断性量化评估有着重要的意义。本文从状态量的可测量性以及最优观测器设计两个方面对退化状态下航空发动机的滑动窗口模型进行解耦处理。从故障可检测及可隔离两个方面对故障的可诊断性进行量化评估,以巴氏距离为量化标准,将量化评估问题转换为多元分布概率距离求解问题。同时,从故障空间的角度对故障可隔离性进行定义,剥离了参考故障模式的影响,将可隔离性转化为故障空间中故障模式的固有属性,并给出航空发动机故障可检测及可隔离的判据。仿真实验证明,本文所提出的方法可以在发动机性能退化条件下对控制系统传感器、执行机构故障以及发动机气路部件故障进行可诊断性量化评估。     

机载电子产品加速试验研究进展

舰载机机载产品在服役过程中故障率高,故障机理复杂,制约了舰载机作战效能发挥,而传统设计生产阶段的可靠性鉴定试验方法,不能有效推断产品在服役环境下的真实可靠性水平。加速试验是解决高可靠性、小样本产品可靠性评估和验证问题的有效方法,具有低成本、短周期等特征。系统分析了加速试验方法在机载电子产品全寿命周期中的应用现状,包括电子产品加速试验的基本模型、存在问题和发展趋势,从而为有效开展机载电子产品的加速试验提供借鉴。     

Failure behavior analysis of phased-mission systems considering functional and physical isolation effects

Phased-Mission Systems(PMS) are widely applied in aerospace, telecommunication and intelligent systems for multiple, consecutive and non-overlapping phases of missions. The phasedependent stresses and system structure cause some difficulties to the reliability analysis of PMSs.In this paper, we analyze the physical isolation effects on the degradation speeds and across-phase damage accumulations of failure mechanisms. And, some corresponding reliability and unreliability formulas are derived. Be...     

月球着陆器两相流体回路性能衰退分析与验证

针对嫦娥三号着陆器两相流体回路12个月球昼夜的寿命需求,开展了氨分解导致两相流体回路传热温差增量的分析和试验验证,结果表明寿命末期不凝气体引起传热温差增量不超过2.2 ℃,同位素核热源(RHU)向探测器的供热量减小0.6 W,设备温度整体降低0.6 ℃,对热控系统影响可忽略。根据在轨遥测,寿命周期内,两相流体回路工作在45 ℃~50 ℃时不凝气体引起的传热温差增量不超过1.5 ℃,与地面验证结果吻合较好;经历52个月球昼夜周期内,传热温差在3.5 ℃~4.7 ℃内波动,在轨工作良好。     

基于故障机理和伪失效寿命的 电子产品剩余寿命预测

针对传统电子产品可靠性评估中存在的不足,提出了一种基于故障机理和伪失效寿命的电子产品剩余寿命预测方法。首先,基于电子产品的故障模式、故障机理分析,确定产品敏感性能参数;然后,对敏感参数退化量进行监测,建立电子产品退化轨迹模型,利用最大似然法估计其参数;最后,根据电子产品退化轨迹,设定故障阈值,得到电子产品寿命分布。通过仿真表明,该方法评估精度较高,对电子产品的可靠性评估有一定的参考价值。     

基于退化量分布的可靠性建模方法

基于退化量分布的可靠性建模方法为长寿命、高可靠性产品的可靠性评估提供了一种有效手段,尤其适用于产品个体间的退化轨迹相差较大的情况。为了提高关于退化量分布族和分布族参数假定的可信度,提出了通过拟合优度检验选择退化量分布族以及通过数据拟合确定分布族参数的方法。以某金属产品的裂纹退化数据为例,详细阐述了所提出方法的具体应用步骤,研究结果证明这种处理方法具有较高的准确度和可信度。     

基于性能退化数据的可靠性建模分析

针对传统可靠性评估方法难以解决高可靠度、长寿命产品的可靠性评估问题,本文在使用失效时间数据的基础上,提出了使用产品的性能退化数据的方法。在很多情况下,退化过程中的性能退化数据比失效时间数据更有价值。文章介绍了退化数据的优点,提出了对产品退化的一般轨迹模型;针对高可靠度的产品提出了基于退化轨迹和退化量分布的两种评估方法,并用实例分别对两种评估方法进行展开应用,验证了方法的有效性。     

原始疲劳质量评定和裂纹扩展方法研究

在对带有一个铆接孔的试件进行试验研究的基础上,利用性能退化失效曲线,提出了一种新的初始疲劳质量和裂纹扩展速率的确定方法。根据试验结果和理论推导,建立了裂纹扩展长度与加载循环次数的函数关系。在此基础上,估算了EIFS值,并用指数函数拟合方法估计了疲劳裂纹扩展速率。最后通过对临界裂纹尺寸的理论计算验证了新方法的可行性和有效性。     

Modeling of reliability and performance assessment of a dissimilar redundancy actuation system with failure monitoring

Actuation system is a vital system in an aircraft, providing the force necessary to move flight control surfaces. The system has a significant influence on the overall aircraft performance and its safety. In order to further increase already high reliability and safety, Airbus has imple-mented a dissimilar redundancy actuation system (DRAS) in its aircraft. The DRAS consists of a hydraulic actuation system (HAS) and an electro-hydrostatic actuation system (EHAS), in which the HAS utilizes a hydraulic source (HS) to move the control surface and the EHAS utilizes an elec-trical supply (ES) to provide the motion force. This paper focuses on the performance degradation processes and fault monitoring strategies of the DRAS, establishes its reliability model based on the generalized stochastic Petri nets (GSPN), and carries out a reliability assessment considering the fault monitoring coverage rate and the false alarm rate. The results indicate that the proposed reli-ability model of the DRAS, considering the fault monitoring, can express its fault logical relation and redundancy degradation process and identify potential safety hazards.     

Protein expression profile changes in human fibroblasts induced by low dose energetic protons

Extrapolation of known radiation risks to the risks from low dose and low dose-rate exposures of human population, especially prolonged exposures of astronauts in the space radiation environment, relies in part on the mechanistic understanding of radiation induced biological consequences at the molecular level. While some genomic data at the mRNA level are available for cells or animals exposed to radiation, the data at the protein level are still lacking. Here, we studied protein expression profile changes using Panorama antibody microarray chips that contain antibodies to 224 proteins (or their phosphorylated forms) involved in cell signaling that included mostly apoptosis, cytoskeleton, cell cycle and signal transduction. Normal human fibroblasts were cultured until fully confluent and then exposed to 2 cGy of 150 MeV protons at high-dose rate. The proteins were isolated at 2 or 6 h after exposure and labeled with Cy3 for the irradiated cells and with Cy5 for the control samples before loading onto the protein microarray chips. The intensities of the protein spots were analyzed using ScanAlyze software and normalized by the summed fluorescence intensities and the housekeeping proteins. The results showed that low dose protons altered the expression of more than 10% of the proteins listed in the microarray analysis in various protein functional groups. Cell cycle (24%) related proteins were induced by protons and most of them were regulators of G1/S-transition phase. Comparison of the overall protein expression profiles, cell cycle related proteins, cytoskeleton and signal transduction protein groups showed significantly more changes induced by protons compared with other protein functional groups.