Fronts and thermohaline structure of the Brazil–Malvinas Confluence System

Fronts and thermohaline structure of the Brazil–Malvinas Confluence System (BMCS) are studied from climatic data, “Marathon Exp. Leg.8, 1984” data, and Sea surface temperature (SST) data base “ds277-Reynolds” (1981–2000). The South Atlantic Central Water (SACW) is divided in two main types: tropical (TW) and subtropical water (ST). Water masses, Fronts, Inter-Frontal and Frontal Zones are analysed and classified: (a) the water masses: Tropical Low-Salinity Water, Tropical Surface Water, Tropical Tropospheric Water, Subtropical Low-Salinity Water, Subtropical Surface Water, Subtropical Tropospheric Water. T,S characteristics of intermediate, deep and bottom water defined by different authors are confirmed and completed; (b) the Inter-Frontal Zones: Tropical/Brazil Current Zone, Subtropical Zone and Subantarctic Zone; (c) the Frontal Zones: Subtropical, Subantarctic and Polar, and (d) the Fronts: Subtropical Front of the Brazil Current, Principal Subtropical Front, North Subtropical Front, Subtropical Surface Front, South Subtropical Front, Subantarctic Surface Front, Subantarctic Front and Polar Front. Several stable T–S relationships are found below the friction layer and at the Fronts. The maximum gradient of the oceanographic characteristics occurs at the Brazil Current Front, which can be any of the subtropical Fronts, depending on season. Minimum mean depth of the pycnocline coincides with the Fronts of the BMCS, indicating the paths of low-salinity shelf waters into the open ocean. In the work it is shown how to recover the horizontal and vertical thermohaline structure of waters from satellite data RSMAS SST.     

基于自适应波形设计的天基雷达目标检测方法

针对天基雷达检测海面目标时杂波特性复杂、场景变化迅速和信杂比低的问题,文中提出一种基于波形自适应设计的目标检测方法。这种方法将每个驻留时间分拆为若干个子驻留,在第1个子驻留上发射线性调频脉冲,并进行预检测和杂波协方差估计。在后续子驻留中采用多粒子滤波技术对杂波协方差进行动态更新,以适应天基雷达杂波的快速变化。进而在后续子驻留中利用平均平方优化技术自适应的设计波形,并进行主成分分析和广义似然比检验,以提高信杂比和实现恒虚警率检测。最后,文中将海杂波建模为复合高斯过程、将目标建模为若干个具有确定但未知散射幅值的散射体,并进行仿真实验。结果表明,在尖峰性海杂波环境和天基监视雷达配置条件下,用这种目标检测方法实现可靠检测所需的信杂比降低约9dB,可有效改善对弱小目标的检测效果。     

一种具有高保真度光谱的遥感图像快速融合法

针对全色和多光谱遥感图像的融合,本文提出了一种基于快速IHS融合技术的小波融合新方法。为提高融合结果图像的光谱保真度,采用了基于改进主成分分析的低频小波系数智能自适应算法融合策略,其主观视觉分析和客观评价结果显示,与传统加权平均、以及平均与选择相结合的低频融合规则相比,本算法在保证能够大幅度提高融合图像清晰度的同时,较大程度地降低了它的光谱畸变度;另外,由于将快速IHS融合技术引入了基于小波分解的融合方法中,大大降低了程序的运行时间,因此本算法在实时性方面也得到了显著提高。将其应用到更大尺寸的巨幅遥感图像的融合中,它的实时性效果更显著。     

Study of seasonal and long-term vertical deformation in Nepal based on GPS and GRACE observations

Lithospheric deformation signal can be detected by combining data from continuous global positioning system (CGPS) and satellite observations from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE). In this paper, we use 2.5- to 19-year-long time series from 35 CGPS stations to estimate vertical deformation rates in Nepal, which is located in the southern side of the Himalaya. GPS results were compared with GRACE observations. Principal component analysis was conducted to decompose the time series into three-dimensional principal components (PCs) and spatial eigenvectors. The top three high-order PCs were calculated to correct common mode errors. Both GPS and GRACE observations showed significant seasonal variations. The observed seasonal GPS vertical variations are in good agreement with those from the GRACE-derived results, particularly for changes in surface pressure, non-tidal oceanic mass loading, and hydrologic loading. The GPS-observed rates of vertical deformation obtained for the region suggest both tectonic impact and mass decrease. The rates of vertical crustal deformation were estimated by removing the GRACE-derived hydrological vertical rates from the GPS measurements. Most of the sites located in the southern part of the Main Himalayan Thrust subsided, whereas the northern part mostly showed an uplift. These results may contribute to the understanding of secular vertical crustal deformation in Nepal.     

一种利用PCA的导弹轨迹重建方法

非同时刻成像将大幅恶化立体视觉方法对导弹的轨迹点重建精度和射向估计精度,针对这一问题,该文提出了应用主成分分析(PCA)重建导弹轨迹并且估计导弹射向的方法。论文在同步轨道双星观测条件下推导了将PCA方法应用到导弹轨迹重建及射向估计的原理,论证了目标三维轨迹最小方差投影直线在像面上的投影即为目标成像轨迹的最小方差投影直线,给出了通过求取目标成像轨迹的最小方差投影直线重建导弹发射面和轨迹点的算法。仿真实验表明了该方法可以有效地进行弹道轨迹的三维重建及射向估计,与现有方法相比,PCA方法重建精度更高,相机定标误差在一定范围内时,射向估计误差更小。     

一种新的SIFT匹配定位技术研究

在基于局部特征点匹配的目标定位系统中,匹配点和误匹配点数量的多少直接影响定位准确度。传统SIFT方法为保证匹配过程中有足够的匹配点数,通常选取较小的统计区域,特征点缺失了对周边区域的关联性,造成误匹配。为提高定位准确度,提出一种改进的SIFT特征描述子。在传统的SIFT局部特征描述子中引入PCA统计特征,在获得更高的正确匹配率的同时降低了错误匹配率。针对常用的SIFT误匹配滤除算法（NN法）滤除误匹配时需牺牲大量正确匹配,提出在NN法基础上,利用匹配特征点的坐标信息对误匹配进行二次滤除,进一步减少了误匹配。实验结果表明,定位算法的准确度优于传统方法。     

基于遗忘因子算法的飞行器颤振模态参数辨识

采用频率响应函数数据的频域多输入多输出状态空间模型,研究基于遗忘因子的输入输出数据矩阵构造机制,提高辨识算法的收敛速度;针对系统矩阵的求解问题,采用主成分分析法实现对模型参数矩阵的一致性估计,避免了奇异值分解带来的估计有偏性;算法前采用新息方差准则估计出系统的阶数,以减少计算复杂度。最后利用试飞试验数据辨识飞行器的系统参数,验证了该方法的有效性。     

飞机几何外形三维数模构建的一种新算法

提出了一种飞机几何外形三维数字模型构建的新方法。该方法从飞机外形的工业设计效果图和飞机外形图片入手，利用图像处理技术，进行图像三维外形恢复，利用CAD三维平台进行数字化主模构建，同时对构建过程中的关键技术进行了分析研究，并提出了可行性的解决方案。     

Quantifying lunar soil composition with partial least squares modeling of reflectance

Retrieval of lunar soil composition is commonly achieved through optical remote sensing in which spectral characteristics of returned lunar samples are related to their constituents. Partial least squares (PLS) and principal component regression (PCR) were applied to the dataset characterized by the Lunar Soil Characterization Consortium (LSCC) to estimate the content of FeO, Al₂O₃ and TiO₂ in the soils. The goal of this study was to test whether the conversion of reflectance to single scattering albedo (SSA) via Hapke’s radiative transfer model is able to improve the performance of PLS and PCR. Results from PLS and PCR modeling of SSA spectra indicate that the conversion does not necessarily improve the performance of PLS and PCR, and this depends on the chemical considered, the way to select the number of optimal factors, and how the data were pretreated. The conversion failed to accommodate the large deviation of highland samples with low FeO, TiO₂ and high Al₂O₃.     

基于最小二乘支持向量机的工具误差分离与折合

制导工具误差分离与折合是导弹精度评定中的重要问题,提出了利用支持向量机方法获得工具误差系数估计和进行弹道误差折合的新方法,由于支持向量机综合考虑了结构风险和经验风险,使得模型的泛化能力增强。仿真计算表明,与最小二乘和主成分方法相比,最小二乘支持向量机获得的误差系数估计与真值更加接近,折合得到的全程弹道遥外差更加准确。