近地卫星星历的高精度星载算法研究

随着星载计算机系统结构和性能的改善,利用星载计算机实现高精度的星历计算成为可能。本文针对近地轨道卫星提出了一种适合星上轨道预报的数值算法。通过采用简化的动力学模型和一种嵌套插值算法的积分器,有效提高了计算效率,降低了对星载计算系统的性能要求,从而实现高精度的卫星星历星载计算。该算法在星载计算机系统平台上进行仿真验证的结果表明,对于某飞行器可实现轨道预报1天优于1km的星历计算。     

第一类无奇点变量的广播星历参数拟合算法

广播星历参数是卫星导航电文的重要内容,一般通过对精密星历进行参数拟合得到,广播星历参数的拟合大多采用基于开普勒根数形式的广播星历参数拟合算法,研究表明,该方法在小偏心率轨道情形下,拟合精度较差。文章给出了基于第一类无奇点变量形式的广播星历参数拟合算法,仿真结果表明,采用第一类无奇点变量,可以有效解决小偏心率引起的拟合精...     

基于RTS滤波的GPS+BDS 非差非组合PPP/INS紧组合模型

GPS高精度定位技术在动态复杂环境中,其定位精度、可靠性和连续性因卫星信号频繁失锁而变差。为此,提出了采用基于RTS滤波(Rauch-Tung-Striebel Filter)的GPS+BDS非差非组合PPP(Precise Point Positioning)与INS(Inertial Navigation System)紧组合模型的策略来克服GPS在动态定位中的弱点。其中,采用GPS+BDS双系统观测数据,可提高PPP解算中的可用卫星数,改善星站间定位几何强度和提高PPP收敛速度;采用PPP/INS紧组合,利用INS的自主定位特性和短期高精度特性,可有效改善复杂环境下的定位精度和连续性;采用RTS滤波,可进一步提高PPP/INS紧组合性能。首先推导了GPS+BDS非差非组合函数模型、PPP/INS紧组合函数模型和RTS滤波函数模型,然后利用一组车载动态数据,对动态GPS PPP、GPS+BDS PPP、GPS/INS紧组合、GPS+BDS PPP/INS紧组合和基于RTS的GPS+BDS PPP/IMU紧组合的定位、测速和定姿性能进行分析。实验结果表明,该方案可有效提高定位(58%～72%)、测速(74%～82%)和定姿(4%～23%)精度,特别是对卫星失锁期间的定位性能改善尤为明显。     

北斗接收机伪距与伪距率的计算及其误差补偿

接收机伪距与伪距率的计算和误差补偿是进行北斗系统应用开发的关键之一。本文利用北斗卫星播发的星历等导航电文数据,计算得到北斗卫星位置与速度等信息,对接收机伪距误差补偿,并计算得到伪距率。利用卫星的位置、速度,得到伪距和伪距率的误差值,验证了伪距和伪距率的有效性。     

GPS精密单点定位收敛性分析及改善措施

目前卫星定位技术中常用的高精度定位方法主要是相对定位和非差相位精密单点定位。非差相位精密单点定位无法像相对定位那样使用差分方式来消除定位中的某些误差,因而如何对影响定位的各个误差源进行准确地建模修正是提高非差相位精密单点定位精度和收敛速度的关键。本文从非差相位精密单点定位的3个关键环节入手,对影响定位收敛速度的因素进行简要分析,讨论了改善措施,并结合实际数据进行了相关验证。     

BDS-3 PPP模糊度固定实现及精度评估

精密单点定位(PPP)模糊度固定(AR)能够显著提升精密定位的收敛速度和精度。通过在BDS-2和BDS-3之间添加系统间偏差的方法实现BDS-3的模糊度固定,并基于全球MGEX测站静态、仿动态数据和车载实验数据全面评估了BDS-3模糊度固定的效果。结果表明,相对于浮点解,BDS-3 PPP模糊度固定能够显著提升PPP的精度,在东北天3个方向上静态解算精度提升依次为37.4%、26.2%和20.1%;仿动态解算精度提升依次为38.3%、27.2%和11.1%;车载动态实验BDS-3模糊度固定精度在三维方向上综合提升为40.4%。此外,模糊度固定后,以浮点解稳定后的两倍定位精度为基准,在东北天方向上,静态定位时间提升程度依次为63.5%、64.0%和40.3%;仿动态定位时间提升程度依次为58.7%、56.8%和25.4%;车载实验在三维方向的收敛时间为30.0 min。以上结果证明了所提方法的有效性及BDS-3模糊度固定的性能提升。     

北斗三号系统PPP-B2b信号定位服务模型及性能分析

给出了PPP-B2b信号定位的观测模型和随机模型,详细阐述了PPP-B2b增强改正模型和参数估计模型,并进行了静态和动态定位实验。结果表明：对于单系统,在30min的收敛时间内,北斗三号定位精度可以达到水平0.118m(静态)、0.176m(动态),高程0.208m(静态)、0.423m(动态)以内,GPS定位精度可以达到水平0.113m(静态)、0.163m(动态),高程0.206m(静态)、0.377m(动态)以内;对于北斗三号/GPS双系统,在20min的收敛时间内,定位精度可以达到水平0.092m(静态)、0.122m(动态),高程0.158m(静态)、0.312m(动态)以内。无论是收敛性还是定位精度,均能满足北斗三号精密单点定位服务指标的要求。     

Precision orbit determination performance for CryoSat-2

In this paper we discuss our efforts to perform precision orbit determination (POD) of CryoSat-2 which depends on Doppler and satellite laser ranging tracking data. A dynamic orbit model is set-up and the residuals between the model and the tracking data is evaluated. The average r.m.s. of the 10?s averaged Doppler tracking pass residuals is approximately 0.39?mm/s; and the average of the laser tracking pass residuals becomes 1.42?cm. There are a number of other tests to verify the quality of the orbit solution, we compare our computed orbits against three independent external trajectories provided by the CNES. The CNES products are part of the CryoSat-2 products distributed by ESA. The radial differences of our solution relative to the CNES precision orbits shows an average r.m.s. of 1.25?cm between Jun-2010 and Apr-2017. The SIRAL altimeter crossover difference statistics demonstrate that the quality of our orbit solution is comparable to that of the POE solution computed by the CNES. In this paper we will discuss three important changes in our POD activities that have brought the orbit performance to this level. The improvements concern the way we implement temporal gravity accelerations observed by GRACE; the implementation of ITRF2014 coordinates and velocities for the DORIS beacons and the SLR tracking sites. We also discuss an adjustment of the SLR retroreflector position within the satellite reference frame. An unexpected result is that we find a systematic difference between the median of the 10 s Doppler tracking residuals which displays a statistically significant pattern in the South Atlantic Anomaly (SSA) area where the median of the velocity residuals varies in the range of ?0.15 to +0.15?mm/s.     

Correction model of BDS satellite-induced code bias and its impact on precise point positioning

There are code biases on the pseudo-range observations of the Beidou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) that range in size from several decimeters to larger than one meter. These biases can be divided into two categories, which are the code biases in the pseudo-range observations of Inclined Geo-Synchronous Orbit (IGSO) satellites and Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) satellites and the code biases in the pseudo-range observations of Geosynchronous Earth Orbit (GEO) satellites. In view of the code bias of the IGSO/MEO satellites, the code bias correction model is established using the weighted least square curve fitting method. After the correction, the code biases of the IGSO and MEO satellites are clearly mitigated. A methodology of correcting GEO code bias is proposed based on the empirical mode decomposition (EMD)-wavelet transform (WT) coupled model. The accuracies of the GEO multipath combination of the B1, B2 and B3 frequencies are improved by 39.9%, 17.9%, and 29.4%, respectively. Based on the corrections above, the ten days observations of three Multi-GNSS Experiment (MGEX) stations are processed. The results indicate that the convergence time of the precise point positioning (PPP) can be improved remarkably by applying a code bias. The mean convergence time can be improved by 14.67% after the IGSO/MEO code bias correction. By applying the GEO code bias, the mean convergence time can be further improved by 17.42%.     

Inter-agency comparison of TanDEM-X baseline solutions

TanDEM-X (TerraSAR-X add-on for Digital Elevation Measurement) is the first Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) mission using close formation flying for bistatic SAR interferometry. The primary goal of the mission is to generate a global digital elevation model (DEM) with 2 m height precision and 10 m ground resolution from the configurable SAR interferometer with space baselines of a few hundred meters. As a key mission requirement for the interferometric SAR processing, the relative position, or baseline vector, of the two satellites must be determined with an accuracy of 1 mm (1D RMS) from GPS measurements collected by the onboard receivers. The operational baseline products for the TanDEM-X mission are routinely generated by the German Research Center for Geosciences (GFZ) and the German Space Operations Center (DLR/GSOC) using different software packages (EPOS/BSW, GHOST) and analysis strategies. For a further independent performance assessment, TanDEM-X baseline solutions are generated at the Astronomical Institute of the University of Bern (AIUB) on a best effort basis using the Bernese Software (BSW).