石墨烯在航天领域应用进展

基于对石墨烯的结构、性能进行介绍,综述了目前石墨烯在抗原子氧剥蚀、太阳能电池以及空间润滑等领域的研究进展,并对石墨烯今后可能在热电材料、气体传感器、宇航服、空间站水处理、蓄电设备、热控材料等空间环境领域的应用前景进行了展望。     

超大型复合材料机体部件应用技术的新进展——飞机制造技术的新跨越

从超大型复合材料部件在军/民用飞机上的应用进展入手,重点介绍了复合材料在波音787机体主要结构上的应用,给出了机身复合材料部件应用的特殊性及空客公司对其所持的争议。分析了波音和空客公司在复合材料应用方面的竞争,分别以波音787和空客A380为例介绍了两公司相应的技术策略：机体整体复合材料部件制造技术和大型复合材料壁板组装成机体技术,以及迫于竞争的压力,空客公司新的应对措施,即采用全复合材料机身壁板结构,将复合材料在A350-XWB上的用量提高到52％。最后总结了复合材料部件设计制造的独特性和复杂性,并得到对中国研制大型飞机的启示。     

EB-PVD工艺制备Ti/Ti-Al超薄多层复合材料的微观结构与性能研究

利用大功率电子束物理气相沉积(EB-PVD)技术制备了Ti和Ti-48at%Al交替蒸发沉积形成的金属/金属间化合物型多层材料薄箔.研究了靶基距、微观结构参数及试样在制备材料的选取位置对其性能的影响,考察了Ti/Ti-Al微叠层材料在不同温度下的拉伸性能,结果表明材料的室温脆性得到了明显改善,高温下由于金属间化合物层的反常强化作用,使材料在500～800 ℃之间的性能较为理想.     

Phase Transformation in a β-Ti Alloy with Good Balance Between High Strength and High Fracture Toughness

This article studies the phase transformation of the metastable β-Ti-Al-Mo-V-Cr-Zr alloy (Ti-1300) to disclose the morphological reason for its high strength and high fracture toughness. It has been found that its ultrahigh strength (ultimate tensile strength exceeds 1 400 MPa) owes mainly to the spheroidization of the α-phase, while the high fracture toughness (exceeds 81 MPa·m^½) to the special lath-shaped α-particles. Compared to the needle-shaped second α-articles, the coarser lath-shaped ones remove the stress concentration at the lath tips and consequently benefit improvement of fracture toughness. The article also describes shape evolution of the α-particles during aging thermodynamically and kinetically, and suggests an optimized aging processing to achieve an ideal balance between high strength and high toughness for this alloy.     

Reduction in clamping force due to applied longitudinal load to aerospace structural bolted plates

The main purpose of the present work is to experimentally and numerically study why and how the magnitude of the bolt clamping force reduces in the aerospace structural bolted plates when they are subjected to a longitudinal tensile load. In the experimental method, a holed plate of aluminium alloy 7075-T6 was clamped using a single bolt fastener, and then tested under an increasing static longitudinal tensile load. The bolt clamping magnitude was determined by using the measured axial compressive strains of a steel bush placed between the nut and plate. Two clamped specimens with different initial clamping forces were studied. In each specimen the actual clamping forces were determined during the longitudinal loading on the plate. In the numerical method, a three-dimensional (3D) finite element model was generated in order to simulate and quantify the bolt clamping force in the plate model loaded in tension. Both experimental and numerical results showed that the clamping force reduces considerably in the aluminium bolted plates under the longitudinal tensile loading. This is because of the transverse contraction of the plate material that causes the clamped material to release from the initial compression, and as a result, the clamping force to relax.     

Adiabatic demagnetisation refrigerators for future sub-millimetre space missions

Space worthy refrigeration capable of providing a 100 mK and below heat load sink for bolometric detectors will be required for the next generation of sub-millimetre space missions. Adiabatic demagnetisation refrigeration (ADR), being a gravity independent laboratory method for obtaining such temperatures, is a favourable technique for utilisation in space.We show that by considering a 3 salt pill refrigerator rather than the classic single salt pill design the space prohibitive laboratory ADR properties of high magnetic field (6 Tesla) and a<2 K environment (provided by a bath of liquid⁴He) can be alleviated, while maintaining a sufficient low temperature hold time and short recycle time. The additional salt pills, composed of Gadolinium Gallium Garnet (GGG) provide intermediate cooling stages, enabling operation from a 4 K environment provided by a single 4 K mechanical cooler, thereby providing consumable free operation. Such ADRs could operate with fields as low as 1 Tesla allowing the use of high temperature, mechanically cooled superconducting magnets and so effectively remove the risk of quenching.We discuss the possibility of increasing the hold time from 3 hours, for the model presented, to between 40 and 80 hours, plus reducing the number of salt pills to two, through the use of a more efficient Garnet.We believe the technical advances necessitated by the envisaged ADRs are minimal and conclude that such ADRs offer a long orbital life time, consumable free, high efficiency means of milli-Kelvin cooling, requiring relatively little laboratory development.     

复合材料结构设计的使用安全系数

 飞机结构设计使用安全系数的研究已有50多年的历史。虽然美国在1934年以后定安全系数为1.5,各发达国家也都先后统一为1.5,但由于航空科技的发展,使用材料的变化,这个问题一直争论到现在。 本文从飞机结构设计安全系数的发展历史及其变化根据出发,阐述其选用的原则,并结合当前碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料在航空结构上的应用情况,提出安全系数选用的一些分析和看法。     

不同偏角多斜孔壁气膜冷却绝热温比研究

用传热传质类比实验的方法,研究了不同偏角多斜孔壁气膜冷却绝热温比,多斜孔壁由多斜孔实验板模拟。多斜孔实验板中,孔排列方式均为叉排,小孔与板表面夹角均为３０°,偏角从０°变化至５０°,孔排距比与孔间距比基本相等。研究结果揭示了不同孔偏角对多斜孔壁气膜冷却绝热温比的影响。     

ZN系列粘弹性阻尼材料的性能及应用

全面介绍了航天材料及工艺研究所开发的ZN系列阻尼材料的物理机械性能和阻尼性能及其特性，并通过对若干应用的介绍，说明ZN系列阻尼材料的应用现状。     

苯并（口恶）嗪树脂烧蚀性能的初步研究

对苯并（口恶）嗪树脂作为烧蚀树脂的应用进行了研究.采用TGA对四种中间体固化树脂的成碳率进行了测量,表明含有多个NFDA9嗪环的PBOZ中间体和含有两嗪环的MDABOZ固化树脂和DRBOZ固化树脂成碳率较高,达到60%以上,而含有一个嗪环的SRBOZ固化树脂的成碳率相对较低.在以SRBOZ 中间体为主体的树脂体系中引入MDABOZ中间体、DRBOZ中间体和APPFBOZ中间体后树脂体系的粘度较低而其固化产物的交联密度明显提高,成碳率达到60%以上.小发动机烧蚀试验表明PBOZ固化树脂的耐烧蚀性能较好,能够作为烧蚀树脂;SRBOZ 中间体中引入MDABOZ中间体后树脂体系的粘度较小而其固化产物的耐烧蚀性能明显提高.