针对超临界翼型气动修型策略的强化学习

强化学习是一类用于学习策略的机器学习方法,通过模拟人的学习过程,与所处环境不断交互来学习动作策略,用以获得最大累积回报。以设计师在翼型气动设计中的增量修型过程为例,给出强化学习在气动优化设计中的要素定义和具体算法的实现。研究了预训练中选择不同示例对预训练和强化学习结果的影响,并将强化学习得到的策略模型在其他环境中进行了迁移测试验证。结果表明,合理的预训练能够有效提高强化学习的效率和最终策略的鲁棒性,且所形成的策略模型具有较好的迁移能力。     

An Asian perspective on the new US space policy: The emphasis on international cooperation and its relevance to Asia

This viewpoint examines the likely reasons behind the renewed focus on international cooperation in the new US National Space Policy, noting that the rise of various Asian space powers is one factor. It demonstrates the increase in US-Asian space cooperation that is already underway, arguing that such cooperation can only be to the good in providing Asian countries with a greater degree of cutting-edge technology and know-how, as well as contributing to the overall safety and security of outer space. Nevertheless, there will doubtless be problems such as cost overruns and delays and effort will have to be applied if cooperation is to work.     

我国中小企业的融资困境及促进政策

中小企业发展问题在中国得到了前所未有的关注和重视。但由于中国当前的体制、机制和政策等因素制约,中小企业发展面临着许多企业自身难以克服的经济、制度以及法律等方面的矛盾和问题。在这些难题中,融资问题更是首当其冲,成为中小企业发展中最为关注的一个问题。     

基于MADDPG的多无人机协同任务决策

针对多无人机任务决策方法研究中传统优化算法难以在短时间内得到期望结果的问题,基于深度强化学习提出一种无人机多智能体深度确定性策略梯度(MADDPG)算法,通过允许无人机在学习时使用全局信息,在应用决策的时候只使用局部信息的方法,从网络结构、状态空间、动作空间和奖励函数设计了MADDPG算法的模型结构。最后通过仿真实验,并对比深度确定性策略梯度(DDPG)算法,验证了本文提出的MADDPG算法在保证精度的基础上,学习速度大幅度提高,弥补了传统强化学习算法在多智能体领域的不足。     

我国农业补贴方式政策效应的经济学分析

农业补贴是促进农业健康发展进而保持国民经济均衡的一项重要农业政策。作为国民收入的再分配行为,财政补贴农业的直接补贴和间接补贴方式会产生不同的政策效应。应当从我国财政补贴的程度和规模、补贴方式和补贴环节等方面,加强农业补贴政策的调整,增加农民收入。     

EB-PVD热障涂层对激光打孔孔径及热循环后孔径变化影响的研究

 在试样上用激光打了不同孔径、不同方向的冷却孔,采用电子束物理气相沉积( EB-PVD) 的方法在已打孔的试样上涂覆MCrAlY粘接层和ZrO₂陶瓷层,观察和计算其孔径大小变化;然后对试样进行了热循环处理,以比较热循环前后的孔径变化。初步实验结果表明:激光打孔的入射角,对孔径变化影响不大;原始孔径增大,施以涂层后其相对变化就较小,采用EB-PVD 的方法在已打孔的试样上涂覆ZrO₂陶瓷层后其孔径比原始孔径至少减少了15 %;在热循环试验前后,绝大部分孔径变化较小,而其总趋势是由大变小,孔径减少约5 %左右。     

Conceptualizing an economically,legally, and politically viable active debris removal option

It has become increasingly clear in recent years that the issue of space debris, particularly in low-Earth orbit, can no longer be ignored or simply mitigated. Orbital debris currently threatens safe space flight for both satellites and humans aboard the International Space Station. Additionally, orbital debris might impact Earth upon re-entry, endangering human lives and damaging the environment with toxic materials. In summary, orbital debris seriously jeopardizes the future not only of human presence in space, but also of human safety on Earth. While international efforts to mitigate the current situation and limit the creation of new debris are useful, recent studies predicting debris evolution have indicated that these will not be enough to ensure humanity?s access to and use of the near-Earth environment in the long-term. Rather, active debris removal (ADR) must be pursued if we are to continue benefiting from and conducting space activities. While the concept of ADR is not new, it has not yet been implemented. This is not just because of the technical feasibility of such a scheme, but also because of the host of economic, legal/regulatory, and political issues associated with debris remediation. The costs of ADR are not insignificant and, in today?s restrictive fiscal climate, are unlikely/to be covered by any single actor. Similarly, ADR concepts bring up many unresolved questions about liability, the protection of proprietary information, safety, and standards. In addition, because of the dual use nature of ADR technologies, any venture will necessarily require political considerations. Despite the many unanswered questions surrounding ADR, it is an endeavor worth pursuing if we are to continue relying on space activities for a variety of critical daily needs and services. Moreover, we cannot ignore the environmental implications that an unsustainable use of space will imply for life on Earth in the long run. This paper aims to explore some of these challenges and propose an economically, politically, and legally viable ADR option. Much like waste management on Earth, cleaning up space junk will likely lie somewhere between a public good and a private sector service. An international, cooperative, public-private partnership concept can address many of these issues and be economically sustainable, while also driving the creation of a proper set of regulations, standards and best practices.     

“曲面投影精加工”五轴策略研究

介绍了Powermill软件中"曲面投影精加工"策略的原理、主要参数及优化方法,列举了曲面投影精加工在五轴零件中的应用。在完成曲面投影精加工设置时应分别忽略参考曲面,优化切入切出,同时进行刀轴设置,生成高效的"曲面投影精加工"五轴联动刀具路径。     

建设小康社会与矫正个人收入差距的税收政策取向

从我国居民、地区、城乡、行业之间个人收入差距过大的现状，以及现行税收政策对调节个人收入差距的实证分析，提出了矫正个人收入差距的税收政策取向，完善了现有个人所得税、财产税、消费税、资源税等税种；新开征社会保险税、遗产赠与税等税种以及相关配套措施。     

基于态势评估及DDPG算法的一对一空战格斗控制方法

已有的空中格斗控制方法未综合考虑基于专家知识的态势评估及通过连续性速度变化控制空战格斗的问题。基于深度确定性策略梯度（DDPG）强化学习算法,在态势评估函数作为强化学习奖励函数的基础上,设计综合考虑飞行高度上下限、飞行过载以及飞行速度上下限的强化学习环境;通过全连接的载机速度控制网络与环境奖励网络,实现DDPG算法与学习环境的交互,并根据高度与速度异常、被导弹锁定时间以及格斗时间设计空战格斗结束条件;通过模拟一对一空战格斗,对该格斗控制方法在环境限制学习、态势评估得分以及格斗模式学习进行验证。结果表明：本文提出的空战格斗控制方法有效,能够为自主空战格斗进一步发展提供指导。