Experimental investigation of thermal effect on cavitation characteristics in a liquid rocket engine turbopump inducer

The objective of this paper is to investigate the effect of water temperature on cavitation characteristics in a turbopump inducer, a series of experiments at different temperatures have been conducted in a newly developed visualization test facility. It is found that higher temperature shows little influence on the non-cavitation performance and breakdown characteristic in the investigated range. The relationship between cavitation development and pressure fluctuation has been discussed in detail. Higher temperature displays a remarkable stabilization effect on the cavitation excited pressure. In particular, the inception cavitation numbers of both the super-synchronous rotating cavitation and synchronous rotating cavitation are decreased at higher temperatures, and the corresponding frequencies are not affected, while the amplitudes are distinctly reduced, and the occurrence range of synchronous rotating cavitation is significantly narrowed. A generalized Rayleigh-Plesset equation has been employed to account for the thermal effect on the bubble development, which may provide a deep insight in understanding the experimental results. Thermal effect is found to act as a remarkable dissipation mechanism to suppress the bubble growth, smooth the collapse. In particular, the excited pressure during collapse is smaller at higher temperatures, which may lead to the stabilization effect of high temperature in this study.     

磁控热防护系统在天地往返运载器上的应用仿真

磁控热防护技术在高超声速领域显现出广泛的应用前景。考虑高超声速流动磁流体力学控制涉及的等离子体生成机制、多电离组分导电机理以及电磁流动能量/动量输运机制,通过耦合求解电磁场泊松方程和带电磁源项的高温热化学非平衡流动控制方程组,搭建了高超声速磁控热防护数值模拟平台。结合美国航天飞机"哥伦比亚"号（OV-102）近似外形和5种磁场配置方案,较为系统地开展了磁控热防护系统在高超声速"滑翔返回式"天地往返运载器上的应用仿真研究。结果表明：搭建的磁控热防护仿真平台具备偶极子磁场、均匀磁场、螺线管磁场及多个磁场组合条件下复杂外形飞行器气动热环境数值模拟能力,其校验结果与文献或飞行试验数据符合较好;采用合适的磁场配置能有效降低航天飞机的表面热流,显著改善了航天飞机的气动热环境,典型状态的表面热流下降25%以上;局部磁场方向与流动方向的夹角,在一定程度上决定了洛伦兹力的强度和方向,对磁控效果的影响明显。     

可压缩管流中真实气体效应的理论分析与数值模拟

为研究超燃冲压发动机冷却通道内复杂碳氢燃料的可压缩流动特性及相关影响因素,本文在典型工况条件下讨论了超声速膨胀流中真实气体效应的影响。基于平衡热力学理论,明确了气体动力学基础导数对可压缩流动的关键影响,并从气体动力学基础导数的角度出发考察了多种碳氢燃料在临界点附近的特性。同时,在数值模拟程序中耦合了立方型状态方程以准确描述超临界碳氢燃料的热物性参数。最后,对超临界条件下的二维超声速膨胀流进行了数值模拟,捕捉到了超声速扩张管道流动中马赫数下降的现象并揭示了其相应的物理机制。此外,参考发动机冷却通道内的典型工况条件,系统考察了不同入口马赫数、压力与温度等不同来流条件下真实气体效应的影响规律。     

环形燃烧室壁温对热声不稳定性影响的实验研究

为了研究壁温效应对热声振荡的影响,本文基于环形燃烧室/涡轮耦合实验平台,在当量比Φ=0.82和燃烧功率P=15.5 kW的工况参数下开展了实验研究。相比于独立环形燃烧室实验,本文所引入的涡轮导叶出口组件,使得燃烧室跟发动机实际工况出口匹配情况更接近,具有更一致的热声环境和热容效应。实验发现,在壁温升高过程中伴随着不同类型热声不稳定模式间的切换以及振荡频率、幅值等参数的演变。进一步选取了6个典型状态点,结合基于火焰图像序列的动态模态分解,对比光电倍增管信号和不同方位角的声压信号,分析了各个状态点的火焰动力学和声学响应特征。实验结果表明,在固定功率和当量比工况下,受燃烧室壁面热平衡状态的影响,热声不稳定模式先后经历了由亥姆霍兹模式、1/4波纵向模式、周向混合模式和旋转模式所主导的过程。在出现周向模式的初期,其表现为旋转率呈现肥尾分布的驻波旋-转混合模式,而后期演变为旋转率的分布相对集中的逆时针方向旋转模式。     

Solar-tracking methodology based on refraction-polarization in Snell's window for underwater navigation

Underwater navigation system is an indispensable part for autonomous underwater vehicles. Due to the indiscernibility of satellite signal, however, the underwater navigation problem is quite challenging, and a satellite-free navigation scheme should be looked for. Polarization navigation, inspired by insects’ capability of autonomous homing and foraging, is an alternative solution to satellite navigation with great application potential. Underwater polarization provides an indirect sun compass t...     

Promotional effect of silica on the combustion of nano-sized aluminum powder in carbon dioxide

This paper presents how the combustion performance of nano-sized aluminum(nAl)powder in carbon dioxide are affected by silica. The ignition and combustion performance of nAl powder with silica addition were studied by a high-temperature tube furnace. An s-type thermocouple and a high-speed motion acquisition instrument were performed to evaluate the ignition temperature, maximum combustion temperature, maximum change of rate of temperature, and combustion propagation speed. The combustion effici...     

超临界层流机翼边界层及气动特性分析

高空长航时无人机设计巡航状态的雷诺数较小,黏性边界层对气动特性的影响较大。详细分析了雷诺数对机翼边界层和气动力的影响,用数值方法对超临界层流机翼三维层流-转捩-湍流混合边界层特性进行了研究,分析比较了高空小雷诺数和中空大雷诺数情况下机翼三维边界层的特性,尤其是边界层转捩点位置、表面摩阻和气动特性的雷诺数效应。研究表明雷诺数对于高空无人机机翼边界层厚度、摩擦阻力和升阻比影响较大;对层流机翼的转捩点位置和升力系数影响较小;自然层流机翼技术可以应用于高空无人机设计。     

水温对空化流动影响的数值研究

为了研究温度升高对翼型表面空化流动的影响,以水为介质,首先对几种现有空化模型的预测能力进行了对比分析,发现Singhal模型能够较准确预测空化区的形状、压力和温度分布。通过添加空化引起的能量源项、耦合介质物性参数与温度关系等方式考虑了热力学效应的影响,并利用现有实验数据充分验证了仿真方法的可靠性,发现考虑热力学效应对压力分布影响较小,但是会导致空化区最大温降减小10%左右。基于建立的仿真方法,对298K～393K温度范围内空化流动进行数值仿真,发现空化区温降随温度升高而增大,但是空化区面积随温度变化在T=353K存在拐点,T353K时,空化区面积随温度升高而增大;而T≥353K时,空化区随温度升高而减小。最后研究了雷诺数变化对空化发展的影响,发现雷诺数增大有一定促进作用,而温度升高同时导致热力学效应增强(抑制空化)和雷诺数增大(促进空化),正是这两种相反作用之间的平衡决定着温度对空化流动的影响。     

基于自由基对理论的仿生磁航向传感技术

针对国内外的最新研究进展,本文分别从生物地磁导航的磁感应机制发展、不同磁敏材料的合成制备、磁敏材料的磁场效应检测及其灵敏度的提升等3个方面进行了详细的分析论述,着重对不同种磁敏材料的磁敏性能以及各自在响应磁场大小及方向上的优劣作了对比与分析。最后,在此研究的基础上总结了目前生物地磁导航研究所面临的困难及其发展前景。未来对满足磁感应机制的磁敏分子的更深一步研究将进一步推动仿生磁传感技术的发展,并最终走向实际应用。     

稀薄流区高超声速飞行器表面缝隙流动结构及气动热环境的分子模拟

针对高空稀薄流区的高超声速飞行器表面缝隙或缺陷结构导致的局部气动加热问题,采用直接模拟Monte Carlo(DSMC) 方法研究了70、75、80km和90km等4个飞行高度下稀薄流区高超声速缝隙流动问题,考虑稀薄气体效应和三维效应对缝隙内部流场结构和热流的影响。结果表明:上述飞行高度下,外部流动的分离和再附在缝隙内部形成一个充满腔体的单涡结构;稀薄气体效应对缝隙内部流动结构和壁面热流影响明显,随着高度的增加,主涡涡心上移,其形状逐渐变得“扁长”,右上角逐渐变尖,热流越来越集中分布于缝隙下游侧面的顶部区域;三维缝隙效应阻碍来流气体分子进入缝隙,导致主涡涡心上移,二维缝隙假设会高估缝隙表面的热流。