Storm-time formation of a relativistic electron belt and some relevant phenomena in other magnetospheric plasma domains

An empirical formula relating the strength of a storm given by its |Dst|_max with the L-coordinate of the peak of storm-injected relativistic electrons is one of a few well-confirmed quantitative relations found in the magneto-spheric physics. We successively extended a dataset of the formula’s basic storms with several events of high Dst-amplitude up to the highest observed |Dst|_max = 600 nT. Possible applying of the formula to the predicting of the ring-current plasma-pressure distribution and the lowest westward electrojet position for a storm are discussed. We have also analyzed the 2000–2001 years’ data on relativistic electrons from our instruments installed on EXPRESS-A (geosynchronous orbit; E_e = 0.8–6 MeV), Molniya-3 (h = 500 × 40 000 km, i = 63°; E_e = 0.8–5.5 MeV) and GLONASS (h = 20 000 km, i = 64°; E_e  l MeV) along with other correlated measurements: GOES series (E_e > 2 MeV), geomagnetic indices (Dst, AE, AL) and interplanetary parameters (solar wind, IMF). The goal is to investigate which outer conditions are most responsible for the high/low output of the storm-injected relativistic electrons. For the geosynchronous orbit, two factors are found as the necessary condition of the highest electron output: high and long-lasting substorm activity on a storm recovery phase and high velocity of solar wind. On the contrary, extremely low substorm activity surely observed during whole the storm recovery phase constitutes a sufficient condition of the non-increased after-storm electron intensity. For the first time found cases of the increased after-storm electron intensity observed at the inner L-shells with no simultaneously seen increase in the geosynchronous distances are presented.     

Comparison of the CHAMP radio occultation data with the Canadian advanced digital ionosonde in the Polar Regions

In this paper we present the results of the comparison of the retrieved electron density profiles of the Ionospheric Radio Occultation (IRO) experiment on board CHAMP (CHAllenging Minisatellite Payload), with the ground ionosonde profiles for the Polar Regions. IRO retrieved electron density profiles from CHAMP are compared with Canadian Advanced Digital Ionosonde (CADI) measurements at two vertical sounding stations well within the Polar Cap, Eureka (geog. 80°13′ N; 86°11′ W) and Resolute Bay (geog. 74°41′ N; 94°54′ W). We compared the ionospheric parameters such as the peak electron density of the F-layer (NmF₂) and the peak height of the F-layer (h_mF₂) for a 3-year period, 2004–2006. CHAMP derived NmF₂ shows reasonable agreement with the ionosonde retrieved NmF₂ for both the stations (0.76 and 0.71 correlation coefficient, for Eureka and Resolute Bay, respectively) whereas the h_mF₂ agreement is not that acceptable (0.25 and 0.37 correlation coefficient, respectively). The h_mF₂ from vertical sounding showed less spread than the CHAMP h_mF₂.     

动态试飞测定极曲线的修正方法

选用Ｊ７飞机，在ｈ＝５０００ｍ，Ｍａ＝０．８，全加力飞行状态，使用倍脉冲平尾进行飞行试验所测得的两组试验数据及极曲线，对其Ｃｘ＝ｆ（Ｃｙ），Ｃｙ＝ｆ（ａ）中出现不合理现象和疑点进行了分析和解释，并提出了解决办法，该解决问题垢办法就同动态飞行试验数据求出Ｃ＾ｗｚｙ＝ｆ（Ｃｙ），（Ｍａ＝ｃ）并将此数据用于动态极曲线Ｃｙ平衡状态的修正，结果表明，用倍脉冲平尾求飞机极曲线的修正方法简便实用，是切实可行的。     

基于双基地ISAR的极坐标格式算法及其改进算法

通过对双基地逆合成孔径雷达(Bistatic\|ISAR)回波信号模型进行分析,得出双基地ISAR回波信号在空间波数域的分布特性及其支撑区范围;在此基础上,提出了适于双基地ISAR的极坐标格式算法(PFA),该算法采用距离向线性插值和方位向非线性插值的方法实现极坐标到直角坐标的变换;此外,针对插值运算复杂度高的问题,在距离向插值中,引入Chirp\|Z变换代替距离向线性插值,并结合方位向非线性插值提出了基于Chirp\|Z变换的双基地ISAR的PFA算法;最后通过对点目标模型的仿真验证了所提算法的有效性。
     

Mission analysis and systems design of a near-term and far-term pole-sitter mission

This paper provides a detailed mission analysis and systems design of a near-term and far-term pole-sitter mission. The pole-sitter concept was previously introduced as a solution to the poor temporal resolution of polar observations from highly inclined, low Earth orbits and the poor high-latitude coverage from geostationary orbit. It considers a spacecraft that is continuously above either the north or south pole and, as such, can provide real-time, continuous and hemispherical coverage of the polar regions. Being on a non-Keplerian orbit, a continuous thrust is required to maintain the pole-sitter position. For this, two different propulsion strategies are proposed, which result in a near-term pole-sitter mission using solar electric propulsion (SEP) and a far-term pole-sitter mission where the SEP thruster is hybridized with a solar sail. For both propulsion strategies, minimum propellant pole-sitter orbits are designed. In order to maximize the spacecraft mass at the start of the operations phase of the mission, the transfer from Earth to the pole-sitter orbit is designed and optimized assuming either a Soyuz or an Ariane 5 launch. The maximized mass upon injection into the pole-sitter orbit is subsequently used in a detailed mass budget analysis that will allow for a trade-off between mission lifetime and payload mass capacity. Also, candidate payloads for a range of applications are investigated. Finally, transfers between north and south pole-sitter orbits are considered to overcome the limitations in observations due to the tilt of the Earth's rotational axis that causes the poles to be alternately situated in darkness. It will be shown that in some cases these transfers allow for propellant savings, enabling a further extension of the pole-sitter mission.     

无线光通信系统中极化码编译码技术

大气无线光通信系统中的湍流运动会降低系统误码性能。为此,将Polar编译码技术引入无线光通信系统中,研究了极化码编码方法及其加入循环冗余校验的列表连续消除(Cyclic Redundancy Check-Successive Cancella-tion List,CRC-SCL)译码原理,并分别在高斯和湍流信道条件下进行了误码性能的蒙特卡洛仿真。结果分析表明,Polar编码对大气湍流信道的无线光通信系统可靠性有明显改善,在误码率为10-3时,相较于未编码系统,基于CRC-SCL译码的Polar编码技术可获得约6.3 dB的编码增益。同时,码长越长,码率越低,编码系统误码性能越佳。     

High-Latitude Particle Precipitation and its Relationship to Magnetospheric Source Regions

Two central issues in magnetospheric research are understanding the mapping of the low-altitude ionosphere to the distant regions of the magnetsphere, and understanding the relationship between the small-scale features detected in the various regions of the ionosphere and the global properties of the magnetosphere. The high-latitude ionosphere, through its magnetic connection to the outer magnetosphere, provides an important view of magnetospheric boundaries and the physical processes occurring there. All physical manifestations of this magnetic connectivity (waves, particle precipitation, etc.), however, have non-zero propagation times during which they are convected by the large-scale magnetospheric electric field, with phenomena undergoing different convection distances depending on their propagation times. Identification of the ionospheric signatures of magnetospheric regions and phenomena, therefore, can be difficult. Considerable progress has recently been made in identifying these convection signatures in data from low- and high-altitude satellites. This work has allowed us to learn much about issues such as: the rates of magnetic reconnection, both at the dayside magnetopause and in the magnetotail; particle transport across the open magnetopause; and particle acceleration at the magnetopause and the magnetotail current sheets.     

教练机非线性极曲线相关性研究

对某型教练机以风洞试验数据为基础,考虑支架干扰修正、进气影响修正、喷流影响修正、雷诺数修正、寄生阻力、静弹性效应等对零阻作出修正,同时考虑高度修正、分离阻力系数、升致阻力因子、配平阻力增量的影响,最后得出用于实际飞行使用的Cy大于0.3非线性平衡极曲线,并作出极曲线修正前后对性能影响的比较。     

基于地球坐标系的SINS/GNSS极区组合导航算法

针对极区范围经线收敛速度加快并汇聚于极点,使航向失去参考基准,定位误差急剧增大的问题,结合极区航行过程中对导航精度的需求,提出了一种适用于极区的基于地球坐标系的SINS/GNSS组合导航方案。给出了基于地球椭球模型的横向坐标系定义以及与地球坐标系之间的转换关系;设计了地球坐标系下的SINS/GNSS组合导航算法;最后将地球坐标系下的导航结果转换到横向坐标系。仿真结果表明,基于地球坐标系的极区组合导航方案的导航误差收敛迅速,在1800s的仿真时间内,姿态精度达到0.4′,定位精度达到2m,速度精度达到0.02m/s;其中定位和航向精度略优于横向地理坐标系下的组合导航方法,且可为载体穿越极点时提供稳定的导航信息。     

不同上边界条件下的极区电离层数值模拟

利用一维自洽的极区电离层模型,研究了沿磁力线方向不同电离层-磁层耦合条件下极区电离层的响应.此模型在110-610km的电离层空间区域内,综合求解描述极区电离层的连续性方程、动量方程和能量方程,以得到电离层数值解.研究发现,上边界条件在200 km以上的高度能显著地影响电离层参量的形态.较高的O+上行速度对应较低的F层峰值和较高的电子温度.不同边界O+上行速度对应的温度高度剖面完全不同.200km以上电子温度高度剖面不但由来自磁层的热流通量所控制,同时还受到场向O+速度的影响.对利用电离层模型研究电离层内部物理过程提出了建议.