ZM-4300光学遥感器空间环境模拟试验设备研制

ZM-4300光学遥感器空间环境模拟试验设备针对航天光学遥感仪器空间环境模拟试验而设计制造,可进行航天光学遥感仪器的热光学、热真空、热平衡及热循环等空间环模试验。设备包括8个主要分系统;具有液氮和机械制冷两个制冷流程;真空容器24 h累积污染量不大于1.36 g/cm2。     

分子污染光学效应试验研究

卫星有机材料放气产生的分子污染是卫星在轨污染的重要来源。分子污染会造成敏感表面光学性能退化甚至失效,因此必须进行评估分析。文章对在卫星真空热试验中,采用光学试片进行污染光学效应测试的数据进行了分析,并且与国内外试验数据进行了比对,发现光学试片测得的透过率损失数据较为保守,分析原因是光学试片污染沉积为液滴状,导致散射损失较大。     

霍尔推力器等离子体羽流粒子模拟

建立了霍尔推力器羽流仿真模型,用单元粒子-直接模拟蒙特卡罗（PIC-DSMC）混合方法对SPT-7推力器的流场进行数值模拟,分析背压、扩张角和电子温度对流场的影响。结果表明：背压粒子增加了回流区内离子和高速粒子,加重羽流污染。SPT-70推力器羽流出口处扩张角约为30°。实验数据验证了仿真模型的正确和方法的可行,对电推力器及其羽流污染等的研究有一定的参考价值。     

航天光学系统的污染控制技术

文章介绍了国外航天光学系统的污染控制方法,研究了航天光学系统的污染效应和航天用非金属材料放气污染引起的光学透射率的变化。针对航天光学系统对污染高度敏感的特点,探讨了航天器研制全过程针对航天光学系统的污染控制措施。     

空间材料放气污染特性研究技术

文章阐述了空间材料放气污染对航天器的影响,并介绍了建立的放气污染特性研究装置和E595材料筛选标准装置,它可用于多种放气污染特性的研究,文章还给出了应用实例.     

利用10N推力器羽流试验数据建立羽流场数学模型

利用MBB10N推力器羽流试验数据建立推力器羽流场的数学模型并确定其模型参数,以便利用此数学模型分析此类推力器对卫星的羽流干扰力、干扰力矩以及对太阳翼、敏感器的热效应等羽流污染。本文建立的羽流场数学模型不同于Simons羽流场数学模型及羽流特征线方法,但本质上仍满足羽流远流场为自由分子流的假设条件;本文建立的羽流场数学模型的非线性表达式更便于利用试验数据实现系统辨识,而且可达到相当满意的辨识准度。     

Planetary protection issues of private endeavours in research,exploration, and human access to space: An environmental economics approach to forward contamination

In light of the rapidly growing New Space Economy, the landscape of space exploration and development activities will certainly become much more complicated year by year. Relevant commercial space actors have already emerged, pushing the boundaries of entrepreneurial space ventures beyond the Earth-oriented upstream and downstream market segments and opening up the path towards the novel segments of space exploration, space resources utilization, and space research. Planetary protection is usually defined as a set of guidelines concerning the avoidance of bidirectional biological material exchange between the Earth and other celestial bodies. Recent success stories of established and new-entrant NewSpace actors, although posing no realistic planetary protection threat at present, clearly indicate that serious work needs to be done in order for the relevant guidelines to keep up with the rapid advances of the technology development cycles that occur within NewSpace companies. This need may become even more urgent, as space entrepreneurs acquire and develop the resources and competencies to target the currently underserved market segments of space research, exploration, and utilization. As of now, these capabilities were maintained solely by public space agencies; thus, all planetary protection priorities, strategies, and responsibilities were discussed, agreed-upon, and delegated for implementation among national and international working groups of public stakeholders. Although top-down regulations can be effective in controlling the quality and conformity of the deliverables of private subcontractors to public contractors, international planetary protection frameworks might need to evolve even beyond such unmet public-private interaction and partnership models. For this reason, this study did not focus on the legal and political issues of mandating NewSpace actors to adhere to planetary protection guidelines; rather, drawing from the field of sustainable development on Earth, an environmental economics approach was followed, with the goal of viewing the relationship between planetary protection and private space exploration and development as another “tragedy of the commons” problem that must be settled accordingly. After the problem’s framing, i.e. the conceptual presentation and synthesis of four extraterrestrial non-excludable goods, the initial approach of their total economic value, and the negative externalities of their exploitation, a discussion of the forward contamination mitigation costs was conducted. Drawing from the literature and using examples from both the terrestrial and aerospace sectors, a pre-emptive move was suggested: the establishment of a global industry consortium for the pre-competitive collaboration in forward contamination mitigation technologies, centered on an international planetary protection analogue program and its respective testbed facility.     

空间光学系统真空热试验污染控制经验综述

真空热试验过程中光学系统可能受到严重污染,因此需制定严格的污染控制措施。文章对NASA、ESA、JAXA 等航天机构的卫星光学系统真空热试验中典型、有代表性的污染控制经验进行了综述,并对我国光学系统真空热试验污染控制提出了若干建议。     

铸型材料对钛铝金属间化合物的污染研究

利用金相组织观察,电子探针分析及显微硬度测试等方法研究了在铸钢生产中常用的几种铸型材料及氧化钙对钛铝合金铸锭表面的污染情况。试验结果表明：几种铸型材料对钛铝合金的表面硬化层厚度分别为氧化钙１６μｍ ,刚玉６０μｍ ,氧化锆１３０μｍ ,锆英砂１３０μｍ ,远低于对钛合金的污染层厚度,而且不发生粘砂。     

密闭舱室中微生物防控实践

随着人类对外太空认知的增加和探索的深入,星球之间的交叉感染问题引起了越来越多的关注。行星保护已成为航天开发领域的一个重要的关注热点。本文对生物再生生命保障地基综合试验系统"月宫一号"105天有人密闭舱室中的微生物污染问题作了实验研究。实验获取的空气微生物演替规律可为今后密闭BLSS实验中建立更有针对性的微生物防控措施提供依据,并为解决密闭舱室微生物污染问题提供重要经验。